1;Foreword;6 2;Organization;7 3;Table of Contents;10 4;40 Years of SQUIDs in Biomagnetism: Highlights of Heart and Brain Research;10 4.1;Forty Years of Magnetocardiology;19 4.1.1;INTRODUCTION;19 4.1.2;THE BEGINNING;19 4.1.3;THE SEVENTIES;19 4.1.4;THE EARLY EIGHTIES;20 4.1.5;THE MULTICHANNEL ERA;22 4.1.6;CONCLUSIONS;24 4.1.7;REFERENCES;25 4.2;Highlights of 40 Years of SQUID-Based Brain Research and Clinical Applications;27 4.2.1;INTRODUCTION;27 4.2.2;AUDITORY;27 4.2.3;SOMATOSENSORY;31 4.2.4;MOTOR;34 4.2.5;VISUAL;36 4.2.6;EPILEPSY;38 4.2.7;SPREADING CORTICAL DEPRESSION (SCD);39 4.2.8;LANGUAGE STUDIES;40 4.2.9;AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD);42 4.2.10;FETAL, NEONATAL AND INFANT SENSORY RECORDINGS;44 4.2.11;CONCLUDING REMARKS;45 4.2.12;REFERENCES;45 5;Instrumentation: MEG;10 5.1;Development of a Whole-Head Child MEG System;53 5.1.1;INTRODUCTION;53 5.1.2;INSTRUMENTATION;53 5.1.3;AUDITORY EVOKED FIELD MEASUREMENT;54 5.1.4;NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT;55 5.1.5;CONCLUSION;56 5.1.6;REFERENCES;56 5.2;Characteristics of the Helium Circulation System on the 440 CH Vector Type MEG;57 5.2.1;INTRODUCTION;57 5.2.2;METHODS;57 5.2.3;RESULTS;58 5.2.4;DISCUSSION;60 5.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;60 5.2.6;REFERENCES;60 5.3;Correction of Disturbances Caused by Temporary and Continuous Head Movements;61 5.3.1;INTRODUCTION;61 5.3.2;METHODS;61 5.3.3;RESULTS;63 5.3.4;CONCLUSIONS;63 5.3.5;REFERENCES;64 5.4;Video-MEG: Integration of Digital Video to MEG Epilepsy Recordings;65 5.4.1;INTRODUCTION;65 5.4.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;65 5.4.3;DISCUSSION;67 5.4.4;CONCLUSION;67 5.4.5;REFERENCES;67 5.5;Demodulated Effect of SQUID to Magnetic Signal Outside Frequency Bandwidth;68 5.5.1;INTRODUCTION;68 5.5.2;SONOMAGNETOMETRY;68 5.5.3;BEHAVIOR IN SQUID TO HIGH-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC SIGNAL;69 5.5.4;CONCLUSIONS;71 5.5.5;REFERENCES;71 5.6;Asymmetric Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of a Magnetically Shielded Room with Access Ports;72 5.6.1;INTRODUCTION;72 5.6.2;METHODS;72 5.6.3;RESULTS;74 5.6.4;DISCUSSION;75 5.6.5;CONCLUSIONS;75 5.6.6;REFERENCES;75 6;Instrumentation: MCG;10 6.1;Mapping the Cardiomagnetic Field with 19 Room Temperature Second-Order Gradiometers;76 6.1.1;INTRODUCTION;76 6.1.2;PRINCIPLE;76 6.1.3;EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS;77 6.1.4;MEASUREMENTS;78 6.1.5;CONCLUSION;79 6.1.6;REFERENCES;79 6.2;Towards Clinical MCG with Room-Temperature Sensors;80 6.2.1;INTRODUCTION;80 6.2.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;80 6.2.3;RESULTS;81 6.2.4;DISCUSSION;82 6.2.5;CONCLUSION;83 6.2.6;REFERENCES;83 6.3;Improvement of Small-Channel MCG System for Unshielded Environment;84 6.3.1;INTRODUCTION;84 6.3.2;PROBLEM SOLVED;84 6.3.3;COMPARISON OF CHANNELS;84 6.3.4;SYNTHESIS OF LOGICAL CHANNELS;85 6.3.5;SIGNAL DE-NOISING BY PCA METHOD;85 6.3.6;CALCULATION OF LEAD FIELDS (LF);86 6.3.7;CONCLUSIONS;86 6.3.8;REFERENCES;87 7;Instrumentation: Multi-modal Integration - MEG, Low-Field MRI, EEG, fMRI, TMS, NIRS;11 7.1;Magnetoresistive Hybrid Sensors for Simultaneous Low-Field MRI and Biomagnetic Measurements;88 7.1.1;INTRODUCTION;88 7.1.2;METHODS;88 7.1.3;RESULTS;90 7.1.4;DISCUSSION;90 7.1.5;CONCLUSIONS;91 7.1.6;REFERENCES;91 7.2;Safety in Simultaneous Ultra-Low-Field MRI and MEG: Forces Exerted on Magnetizable Objects by Magnetic Fields;92 7.2.1;INTRODUCTION;92 7.2.2;METHODS;92 7.2.3;RESULTS;95 7.2.4;CONCLUSION;95 7.2.5;REFERENCES;95 7.3;Hybrid MEG-MRI: Geometry and Time Course of Magnetic Fields Inside a Magnetically Shielded Room;96 7.3.1;INTRODUCTION;96 7.3.2;THEORY;96 7.3.3;RESULTS;98 7.3.4;CONCLUSION;98 7.3.5;DISCUSSION;99 7.3.6;REFERENCES;99 7.4;Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry at Low and Ultra Low Fields;100 7.4.1;INTRODUCTION;100 7.4.2;METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS;101 7.4.3;APPLICATIONS AND RESULTS;102 7.4.4;CONCLUSIONS;104 7.4.5;REFERENCES;105 7.5;Characterizing Cerebral and Extracerebral Components in TMS-Evoked Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals;106 7.5.1;INTRODUCTION;106 7.5.2;MATERIALS AND METHODS;106 7.5.3;RESULTS;108 7.5.4;DISCUSSION;108 7.5.5;CONCLUSIONS;109 7.5.6;REFERENCES;109 7.6;Real-Time Spatial Localization