This book discusses specific immune cell regulatory  pathway(s), immune cell types,  or other mechanisms involved in host responses to tuberculosis that can be potentially targeted for host-directed therapy (HDT). The pathways/mechanisms investigated are either protective - thus calling for pathway/factor enhancing drugs - or maladaptive - thus calling for pathway/factor inhibitory drugs. Discovery and development (pre-clinical and clinical) of candidate HDT agents will also be elucidated, as well as approaches for HDT of other diseases. The benefit to the reader will derive from learning about the biology of multiple host pathways involved in health and disease, how these pathways are disrupted or dysregulated during tuberculosis, and which druggable targets exist in these pathways. This book provides the reader with a roadmap of current and future directions of HDT against tuberculosis. Since the host pathways/factors involved in protective or maladaptive responses to tuberculosis are not disease-specific, information learned from the context of tuberculosis likely will be relevant to other infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Section 1: Introduction

Chapter 1: Introduction: An overview of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis
Section 2: Targeting immunometabolism
Chapter 2: Sirtuin deacetylases: Linking Mycobacterial infection and host metabolism
Chapter 3:The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1): an ally of M. tuberculosis in host cells
Chapter 4: HIF-1 as a potential therapeutic target for tuberculosis treatment
Chapter 5: Nuclear receptors in host-directed therapies against tuberculosis
Section 3: Enhancing anti-mycobacterial mechanisms
Chapter 6: Autophagy as a target for host-directed therapy against tuberculosis
Chapter 7: Metformin: a leading HDT candidate for TB
Chapter 8: Statins as host-directed therapy for tuberculosis
Chapter 9: Antimycobacterial attributes of mitochondria: An insight into host defense mechanisms
Section 4: Targeting immune cells
Chapter 10: Conventional and unconventional lymphocytes in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Chapter 11: Targeting inhibitory cells such as Tregs and MDSCs in the tuberculous granuloma
Chapter 12: Targeting suppressor T cells
Chapter 13:  Neutrophil-mediated mechanisms as targets for host-directed therapies against tuberculosis
Chapter 14: Type I interferon and interleukin-1 driven inflammatory pathways as targets for HDT in tuberculosis
Chapter 15: Mucosal-associated invariant and VGamma9Vd2 T cells
Chapter 16: Airway epithelial cells.-Section 5: Preclinical models for assessing HDTs
Chapter 17: In vitro models of human granuloma formation to analyze host-directed therapies
Chapter 18: C3HeB/FeJ as a key mouse strain for testing host-directed therapies against tuberculosis
Chapter 19: The Rabbit Model for Assessing Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
Section 6: Clinical trials of HDTs and special considerations for study endpoints
Chapter 20:Clinical trials of TB-HDT candidates
Chapter 21:Outcomes for clinical trials of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis
Chapter 22: Pharmacological considerations for clinical trials of host-directed therapies for tuberculosis.