About 15 years after the first edition of the Handbook of Aizoaceae, a wealth of changes can be reported for the family Aizoaceae, and this second edition brings a completely new survey over all taxonomic units from subfamilies down to species and subspecies; each critically examined. Of the presently known 2956 species, 1594 have been accepted and are described here, arranged in 147 genera. Six genera have been newly described since 2001, namely Brianhuntleya, Hammeria, Knersia, Phiambolia, Ruschiella, and Volkeranthus, and only one has been placed newly into synonymy (Caulipsilon). All synonymous genus names are treated with the valid genus names. Preliminary molecular studies are referred to, for which different groups of markers at different levels like species, genera, subgenera, and further ranks have been used. The basic division into four subfamilies is supported by more recent studies, yet with some genera being shifted. Furthermore, the geographical distribution of each genus is shown on one map each: either worldwide, or restricted to Southern Africa. For these latter, the main rainfall seasons are delimited by blue lines in order to offer also parameters for cultivation. 

This second edition provides a comprehensive list of the latest taxonomy including the updated relevant plant data. Following an introduction to the leaf-succulent family Aizoaceae, including keys to the subfamilies and genera, all genera with keys to the subgenera and succulent species are described in detail.

Acrodon

Acrosanthes
Aethephyllum
Aizoanthemum
Aizoon
Aloinopsis.-Amphibolia
Antegibbaeum
Antimima
Apatesia
Arenifera
Argyroderma
Aridaria.-Aspazoma
Astridia
Bergeranthus
Bijlia
Braunsia
Brianhuntleya
Brownanthus.-Calamophyllum
Callistigma
Carpanthea
Carpobrotus
Carruanthus
Caryotophora.-Cephalophyllum
Cerochlamys
Chasmatophyllum
Cheiridopsis
Circandra
Cleretum.-Conicosia
Conophytum
Corpuscularia
Cryophytum
Cylindrophyllum
Cypselea.-Dactylopsis
Deilanthe
Delosperma
Dicrocaulon
Didymaotus
Dintheranthus.-Diplosoma
Disphyma
Dorotheanthus
Dracophilus
Drosanthemum
Eberlanzia.-Ebracteola
Ectotropis
Enarganthe
Erepsia
Esterhuysenia
Eurystigma
Faucaria.-Fenestraria
Frithia
Galenia
Glottiphyllum
Gunniopsis
Hallianthus
Hammeria.-Hartmanthus
Hereroa
Hymenogyne
Ihlenfeldtia
Jacobsenia
Jensenobotrya.-Jordaaniella
Juttadinteria
Khadia
Knersia
Lampranthus
Lapidaria
Leipoldtia.-Lithops
Machairophyllum
Malephora
Malotigena
Marlothistella
Mesembryanthemum.-Mestoklema
Meyerophytum
Mitrophyllum
Monilaria
Mossia
Namaquanthus
Namibia.-Nananthus
Nelia
Neohenricia
Octopoma
Odontophorus
Oophytum
Opophytum.-Orthopterum
Oscularia
Ottosonderia
Peersia
Pherolobus
Phiambolia
Phyllobolus.-Pleiospilos
Plinthus
Polymita
Prenia
Prepodesma
Psammophora
Psilocaulon.-Rabiea
Rhinephyllum
Rhombophyllum
Ruschia
Ruschianthemum
Ruschianthus.-Ruschiella
Saphesia
Sarcozona
Sceletium
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Schlechteranthus
Schwantesia
Scopelogena
Sesuvium
Skiatophytum.-Smicrostigma
Stayneria
Stoeberia
Stomatium
Synaptophyllum
Tanquana
Tetragonia.-Titanopsis
Trianthema
Tribolucarpus
Trichodiadema
Vanheerdea
Vanzijlia.-Vlokia
Volkeranthus
Wooleya
Zaleya
Zeuktophyllum.