1;Preface;5 2;Contents;7 3;1 Sampling and Storage;22 3.1;Sampling;22 3.2;Sampling Devices;24 3.3;Sample Preservation and Storage;38 3.4;Sample Contamination During Analysis;48 3.5;References;55 4;2 Determination of Anions;59 4.1;Acetate;59 4.2;Acrylate;59 4.3;Alkalinity;59 4.4;Arsenate/Arsenite;61 4.5;Benzoate;61 4.6;Butyrate;61 4.7;Borate;62 4.8;Bromate;62 4.9;Bromide;65 4.10;Chloride;67 4.11;Chromate and Dichromate;68 4.12;Fluoride;73 4.13;Formate;77 4.14;Hypochlorite;78 4.15;Iodate;78 4.16;Iodide;82 4.17;Molybdate;85 4.18;Nitrate;85 4.19;Nitrite;91 4.20;Nitrate and Nitrite;93 4.21;Perrhenate;96 4.22;Phosphate;96 4.23;Propionate;102 4.24;Pyruvate;102 4.25;Selenate/Selenite;102 4.26;Silicate;103 4.27;Sulfide;105 4.28;Sulfate;106 4.29;Valerate;108 4.30;Multianion Analysis;108 4.31;pH;110 4.32;Suspended Solids;111 4.33;Anion Preconcentration;112 4.34;References;112 5;3 Anions in Estuary and CoastalWaters;118 5.1;Nitrate;118 5.2;Nitrate and Nitrite;118 5.3;Phosphate;119 5.4;Selenate and Selenite;119 5.5;Sulfate;120 5.6;Multianion Analysis;121 5.7;References;121 6;4 Dissolved Gases;122 6.1;Free Chlorine;122 6.2;Ozone;127 6.3;Nitric Oxide;127 6.4;Hydrogen Sulfide;127 6.5;Carbon Dioxide;127 6.6;References;128 7;5 Cations in Seawater;129 7.1;Introduction;129 7.2;Actinium;130 7.3;Aluminium;130 7.4;Ammonium;133 7.5;Antimony;137 7.6;Arsenic;138 7.7;Barium;142 7.8;Beryllium;143 7.9;Bismuth;144 7.10;Boron;145 7.11;Cadmium;147 7.12;Caesium;153 7.13;Cerium;154 7.14;Calcium;154 7.15;Chromium;157 7.16;Cobalt;166 7.17;Copper;170 7.18;Dysprosium;181 7.19;Erbium;181 7.20;Europium;181 7.21;Gadolinium;181 7.22;Gallium;181 7.23;Germanium;181 7.24;Gold;182 7.25;Holmium;182 7.26;Indium;182 7.27;Iridium;183 7.28;Iron;183 7.29;Lanthanum;185 7.30;Lead;186 7.31;Lithium;192 7.32;Lutetium;193 7.33;Magnesium;193 7.34;Manganese;193 7.35;Mercury;198 7.36;Molybdenum;204 7.37;Neodymium;207 7.38;Neptunium;208 7.39;Nickel;208 7.40;Osmium;210 7.41;Palladium;210 7.42;Platinum;210 7.43;Plutonium;210 7.44;Polonium;211 7.45;Potassium;211 7.46;Praseodymium;212 7.47;Promethium;212 7.48;Radium;212 7.49;Rare Earths;212 7.50;Rhenium;217 7.51;Rubidium;218 7.52;Ruthenium;219 7.53;Samarium;219 7.54;Scandium;219 7.55;Selenium;219 7.56;Silver;221 7.57;Sodium;222 7.58;Strontium;223 7.59;Technetium;223 7.60;Tellurium;223 7.61;Terbium;224 7.62;Thallium;224 7.63;Thorium;224 7.64;Thulium;225 7.65;Tin;225 7.66;Titanium;229 7.67;Tungsten;229 7.68;Uranium;229 7.69;Vanadium;231 7.70;Ytterbium;233 7.71;Yttrium;233 7.72;Zinc;233 7.73;Zirconium;236 7.74;Multication Analysis;236 7.75;References;306 8;6 Cations in Estuary, Bay, and CoastalWaters;330 8.1;Ammonium;330 8.2;Arsenic;331 8.3;Barium;331 8.4;Cadmium;332 8.5;Calcium and Magnesium;333 8.6;Copper;333 8.7;Mercury;334 8.8;Manganese;335 8.9;Selenium;335 8.10;Tin;335 8.11;Multication Analysis;336 8.12;References;342 9;7 Radioactive Elements;345 9.1;Naturally Occurring Cations;345 9.2;Fallout Products and Nuclear Plant Emissions;352 9.3;References;360 10;8 Sample Preparation Prior to Analysis for Organics;364 10.1;Soluble Components of Seawater;365 10.2;Volatile Compounds of Seawater;370 10.3;Chemical Pretreatment of Organics;376 10.4;References;377 11;9 Organic Compounds;380 11.1;Aliphatic Hydrocarbons;381 11.2;Aromatic Hydrocarbons;383 11.3;Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons;384 11.4;Oil Spills;385 11.5;Carboxylic Acids and Hydroxy Acids;392 11.6;Ketones and Aldehydes;395 11.7;Phenols;396 11.8;Phthalate Esters;397 11.9;Carbohydrates;397 11.10;Cationic Surfactants;401 11.11;Anionic Surfactants;401 11.12;Non-Ionic Surfactants;403 11.13;Aliphatic Chloro Compounds;405 11.14;Volatile Organic Compounds;407 11.15;Chlorinated Dioxins;408 11.16;Nitrogen Compounds;408 11.17;Sulfur Compounds;416 11.18;Chlorinated Insecticides;418 11.19;Polychlorobiphenyls;419 11.20;Organophosphorus Compounds;424 11.21;Azine Herbicides;426 11.22;Diuron, Irgalol, Chlorothalonil;427 11.23;Lipids;427 11.24;Sterols;428 11.25;Chelators;430 11.26;Humic Materials and Plant Pigments