1;Anatomic Basis of Tumor Surgery;2 1.1;Copyright Page;3 1.2;Dedication;4 1.3;Preface;5 1.4;Contents;6 1.5;Contributors;8 1.6;Chapter 1;13 1.6.1;Oral Cavity and Oropharynx;13 1.6.1.1;Introduction;14 1.6.1.2;Adjuvant Treatment;17 1.6.1.3;Surgical Anatomy;17 1.6.1.4;Oral Cavity;19 1.6.1.4.1;Tongue;19 1.6.1.4.2;Floor of Mouth;23 1.6.1.4.3;Buccal Mucosa;25 1.6.1.4.4;Lower Alveolar Ridge;26 1.6.1.4.5;Retromolar Trigone;27 1.6.1.4.6;Hard Palate and Upper Alveolar Ridge;27 1.6.1.5;Oropharynx;29 1.6.1.5.1;Soft Palate;31 1.6.1.5.2;Tonsil (Palatine Tonsil);32 1.6.1.5.3;Base of Tongue;32 1.6.1.6;Pharyngeal Relationship to Deep Neck Spaces;33 1.6.1.7;Parapharyngeal Space (Lateral Pharyngeal Space);33 1.6.1.8;Surgical Applications;34 1.6.1.8.1;Perioral Resection;34 1.6.1.8.2;Anterior Partial Glossectomy;35 1.6.1.8.3;Anterior Floor of Mouth Resection;36 1.6.1.8.4;Floor of Mouth Resection with Marginal Mandibulectomy;37 1.6.1.8.5;Soft Palate Resection;41 1.6.1.8.6;Tonsil Resection;42 1.6.1.8.7;Lip-Splitting Incision;42 1.6.1.8.8;Visor Flap;44 1.6.1.8.9;Mandibular Osteotomies;46 1.6.1.8.10;Lateral Mandibulotomy Approach to Tonsil Resection;48 1.6.1.8.11;Mandibular Swing Approach to Resection of Oropharyngeal Tumors;56 1.6.1.8.12;Lateral Pharyngotomy for Resection of Oropharyngeal Tumors;61 1.6.1.9;Anatomic Basis of Complications;63 1.6.1.10;Key References;64 1.6.1.11;Suggested Readings;65 1.7;Chapter 2;67 1.7.1;Neck;67 1.7.1.1;Anterior Neck;68 1.7.1.1.1;Introduction;68 1.7.1.1.2;Embryology of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands;69 1.7.1.1.3;Surgical Anatomy;70 1.7.1.1.4;Thyroid;72 1.7.1.1.5;Blood Supply;73 1.7.1.1.5.1;Arterial Supply;73 1.7.1.1.5.2;Venous Drainage;74 1.7.1.1.5.3;Lymphatic Drainage;76 1.7.1.1.5.4;Lymphatic Spread of Thyroid Carcinoma;77 1.7.1.1.6;Nerve Supply;78 1.7.1.1.6.1;Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves;78 1.7.1.1.6.2;Superior Laryngeal and Other Nerves;80 1.7.1.1.7;Parathyroid;83 1.7.1.1.7.1;Topography;83 1.7.1.1.7.2;Parathyroid Number and Location;83 1.7.1.1.7.3;Blood Supply;86 1.7.1.1.8;Surgical Applications;86 1.7.1.1.8.1;Thyroidectomy;86 1.7.1.1.8.2;Incision;87 1.7.1.1.8.3;Elevation of the Skin Flap;88 1.7.1.1.8.4;Prethyroid Muscles (Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid);88 1.7.1.1.9;Middle Thyroid Vein, Recurrent Nerve, and Parathyroid Glands;88 1.7.1.1.9.1;Identification;88 1.7.1.1.9.2;Division of Superior Vessels and Identification of External Branch of Superior Laryngeal Nerve;91 1.7.1.1.9.3;Division of the Ligament of Berry and Isthmus and Parathyroid Sparing;93 1.7.1.1.9.4;Subtotal Thyroidectomy;94 1.7.1.1.9.5;Closure of Wound;95 1.7.1.1.9.6;Modifi ed Neck Dissection;95 1.7.1.1.9.7;Central Neck Dissection;96 1.7.1.1.9.8;Resection of Substernal Goiter;97 1.7.1.1.10;Parathyroidectomy;97 1.7.1.1.10.1;Indications and Pathology;97 1.7.1.1.10.2;Operative Techniques;99 1.7.1.1.10.2.1;Bilateral Neck Exploration (Traditional);99 1.7.1.1.10.2.2;Minimally Invasive Parathyroid Surgery (MIPS);102 1.7.1.1.10.3;Extent of Parathyroidectomy;103 1.7.1.1.10.4;Abnormal Parathyroid Tumor Locations;105 1.7.1.1.11;Anatomic Basis of Complications;105 1.7.1.1.11.1;Nerve Injuries;105 1.7.1.1.11.2;Hypoparathyroidism;107 1.7.1.1.11.3;Vascular Injuries and Hemorrhage;107 1.7.1.1.11.4;Organ Injuries;108 1.7.1.1.12;Key References;108 1.7.1.1.13;Suggested Readings;109 1.7.1.2;Lateral Neck;110 1.7.1.2.1;Introduction;110 1.7.1.2.2;Surgical Anatomy;110 1.7.1.2.2.1;Fasciae of Neck;110 1.7.1.2.2.2;Triangles of the Neck;111 1.7.1.2.2.3;Submaxillary Gland;114 1.7.1.2.2.4;Cervical Lymph Nodes;115 1.7.1.2.2.4.1;Level I;116 1.7.1.2.2.4.2;Level II;117 1.7.1.2.2.4.3;Level III;117 1.7.1.2.2.4.4;Level IV;117 1.7.1.2.2.4.5;Level V;117 1.7.1.2.2.4.6;Level VI;117 1.7.1.2.2.5;Blood Supply;117 1.7.1.2.2.6;Nerve Supply;118 1.7.1.2.3;Surgical Applications;118 1.7.1.2.3.1;Radical Neck Dissection;120 1.7.1.2.3.1.1;Sequence of Dissection;120 1.7.1.2.3.1.2;Surgical Exposure and Incisions;120 1.7.1.2.3.1.3;Submental and Submandibular Dissection: Level I;120 1.7.1.2.3.1.4;Upper Neck D