1;Foreword;6 2;Preface;7 3;Contents;9 4;List of Contributors;15 5;I Biological Characteristics of Arterial Grafts;18 5.1;Histology and Comparison of Arterial Grafts Used for Coronary Surgery;19 5.1.1;1.1;19 5.1.2;Internal Mammary Artery;19 5.1.3;1.2;23 5.1.4;Right Gastroepiploic Artery;23 5.1.5;1.3;24 5.1.6;Inferior Epigastric Artery;24 5.1.7;1.4;25 5.1.8;Radial Artery;25 5.1.9;1.5;26 5.1.10;Intercostal Artery;26 5.1.11;1.6;27 5.1.12;Comment;27 5.1.13;References;30 5.2;Endothelial Function and Interaction Between the Endothelium and Smooth Muscle in Arterial Grafts;33 5.2.1;2.1;33 5.2.2;Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factors;33 5.2.3;2.2;33 5.2.4;Endothelium-Derived Contracting Factors;33 5.2.5;2.3;33 5.2.6;Vasoconstrictors and Vasospasm in Arterial;33 5.2.7;Grafts;33 5.2.8;2.4;35 5.2.9;Vasoconstrictor-Stimulated EDRF Release;35 5.2.10;in Arterial Grafts;35 5.2.11;2.5;36 5.2.12;Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation;36 5.2.13;and Hyperpolarization in Arterial Grafts;36 5.2.14;2.6;37 5.2.15;The Balance Between EDRFs and EDCFs;37 5.2.16;References;38 5.3;Clinical Physiology and Related Biological Characteristics;40 5.3.1;3.1;40 5.3.2;Differences in Biological Characteristics;40 5.3.3;Between Venous and Arterial Grafts;40 5.3.4;3.2;40 5.3.5;Are There Any Differences Among Arterial;40 5.3.6;Grafts?;40 5.3.7;3.3;41 5.3.8;Biological Characteristics;41 5.3.9;References;45 5.4;Clinical Classification of Arterial Grafts;47 5.4.1;4.1;47 5.4.2;Introduction;47 5.4.3;4.2;47 5.4.4;Clinical Classification;47 5.4.5;References;50 6;II Use of Vasodilators for Arterial Grafts in Coronary Bypass Surgery;52 6.1;Pharmacological Studies and Guidelines for the Use of Vasodilators for Arterial Grafts;53 6.1.1;5.1;53 6.1.2;Pharmacological Studies;53 6.1.3;5.2;56 6.1.4;Factors Determining the Effects of Vasodilator;56 6.1.5;Substances;56 6.1.6;5.3;58 6.1.7;Guidelines for the Use of Vasodilators;58 6.1.8;for Arterial Grafts in CABG;58 6.1.9;References;58 7;III Myocardial Protection During Coronary Bypass Surgery Using Arterial Grafts;62 7.1;Myocardial Management in Arterial Revascularization;63 7.1.1;6.1;63 7.1.2;Cardioplegic Prerequisites;63 7.1.3;6.2;64 7.1.4;Cardioplegic Composition;64 7.1.5;6.3;64 7.1.6;Blood Cardioplegia ( Table 6.3);64 7.1.7;6.4;65 7.1.8;Operative Strategy;65 7.1.9;6.5;69 7.1.10;Cardioplegia Pressure;69 7.1.11;6.6;69 7.1.12;Retrograde Cardioplegia;69 7.1.13;6.7;71 7.1.14;Specific Issues with all Arterial Conduits;71 7.1.15;6.8;71 7.1.16;Reperfusion;71 7.1.17;6.9;72 7.1.18;Topical Hypothermia;72 7.1.19;6.10;73 7.1.20;Conclusions;73 7.1.21;References;73 7.2;Cardiac Protection from the Viewpoint of Coronary Endothelial Function;75 7.2.1;7.1;76 7.2.2;Possible Mechanisms Underlying the Damage;76 7.2.3;of Cardioplegia and Organ Preservation;76 7.2.4;on Endothelial Function;76 7.2.5;7.2;77 7.2.6;Influence of Cardioplegic and Organ;77 7.2.7;Preservation Solutions on Individual EDRFs;77 7.2.8;7.3;77 7.2.9;Influence of Different Components in;77 7.2.10;Cardioplegic and Organ Preservation Solutions;77 7.2.11;on Endothelial Function;77 7.2.12;7.4;78 7.2.13;Effect of Different Additives to Cardioplegic;78 7.2.14;or Organ Preservation Solutions on Endothelial;78 7.2.15;Function;78 7.2.16;References;80 8;IV Percutaneous Coronary Interventions Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery;83 8.1;Needle or Knife? A Comparison Between Percutaneous Coronary Interventions ( Including Plain Balloon Angioplasty and Coronary Stenting) and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery;84 8.1.1;8.1;84 8.1.2;Introduction;84 8.1.3;8.2;84 8.1.4;Percutaneous Coronary Interventions;84 8.1.5;8.3;84 8.1.6;Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting;84 8.1.7;8.4;85 8.1.8;PCI Versus CABG;85 8.1.9;8.5;86 8.1.10;Drug Eluting Stents;86 8.1.11;8.6;87 8.1.12;Revascularization Strategy;87 8.1.13;References;87 9;V Clinical Choice of Arterial Grafts;89 9.1;Considerations in the Choice of Arterial Grafts;90 9.1.1;9.1;91 9.1.2;General Condition of the Patient;91 9.1.3;9.2;91 9.1.4;Biological Characteristics;91 9.1.5;