This Atlas of transesophageal echocardiography represents four years' clinical expe rience with peri operative color Doppler echocardiography performed at the Depart ment of Heart Surgery of the University of Heidelberg. Four years ago we started a training program in echocardiography with the purpose of utilizing the information derived from transesophageal and epicardial echocardiography for intraoperative diagnosis and surgical decisions. The great impact of echocardiographic information on the surgical procedures disclosed to us an increasing number of applications of TEE and its enormous diagnostic potential. At the moment, intraoperative transeso phageal echocardiography represents, in our Institution, an indispensable diagnostic technique for assessing the adequacy of heart surgery. The aim of this Atlas, which was conceived primarily to deal with intraoperative imaging, goes beyond the purpo se of making the cardiac surgeon familiar with this technique. The clinical cardiolo gist will find immense advantages from the description of many rare diseases and from the direct verification of the echocardiographic diagnoses by the operative fin dings. We hope that our experience will contribute to supporting all colleagues who are engaged in the treatment of heart disease. Prof. Dr. Siegfried Hagl Department of Heart Surgery University of Heidelberg Germany Foreword VII Preface Why an atlas? This book was conceived primarily as a short manual to introduce cardiac surgeons to the basics of color Doppler echocardiography.

1 Techniques

Intraoperative Echocardiography
Two-Dimensional TEE
Color Doppler Flow Imaging
2 Acquired Heart Disease
Valvular Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease
Aortic Dissection
Cardiac Tumors
Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Cardiomyopathies
Pericardial Effusion
3 Congenital Heart Disease
Atrial Septal Defects
Cor Triatriatum
Atrioventricular Septal Defects
Ventricular Septal Defects
Single Ventricle
Tetralogy of Fallot
Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Dextrocardia
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Truncus Arteriosus
Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis
Congenital Aortic Stenosis
Coarctation of the Aorta
Ebstein's Anomaly
4 Other Applications of TEE
Left Ventricular Function
Heart Transplantation
Dynamic Cardiomyoplasty.