Auditory Effects of Microwave Radiation

Beschreibung Autorinnen & Autoren

This book examines the human auditory effects of exposure to directed beams of high-power microwave pulses, which research results have shown can cause a cascade of health events when aimed at a human subject or the subject's head. The book details multidisciplinary investigations using physical theories and models, physiological events and phenomena, and computer analysis and simulation. Coverage includes brain anatomy and physiology, dosimetry of microwave power deposition, microwave auditory effect, interaction mechanisms, shock/pressure wave induction, Havana syndrome, and application in microwave thermoacoustic tomography (MTT). The book will be welcomed by scientists, academics, health professionals, government officials, and practicing biomedical engineers as an important contribution to the continuing study of the effects of microwave pulse absorption on humans.

AUDITORY EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION James C. LinUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Chapters1. Introduction 1.1 Electromagnetic Radiation and Spectrum1.2 Microwave Technology and Applications1.2.1 Microwave Diathermy1.2.2 Microwave Ablation Therapy1.2.3 Hyperthermia Treatment of Cancer 1.2.4 Microwave Ovens1.2.5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging1.2.6 Modern Microwave Radars1.2 Auditory Effects from Pulsed Microwave Exposure1.3 A Diplomatic Affair1.4 Organizing Principle of the BookReferences 2. Principles of Microwave and RF Exposure2.1 The Maxwell Equations2.2 The Wave Equation2.3 Boundary Conditions at Material Interfaces2.4 Energy Storage and Power flow2.5 Plane Waves and Far-Zone Field 2.6 Polarization and Propagation of Plane Waves2.6.1. Plane Waves in Free Space2.6.2. Plane Waves in Lossy or Biological Media2.7 Reflection and Transmission at Interfaces2.8 Refraction of Microwave and RF Radiation2.9 Radiation of Electromagnetic Energy2.9.1 The Short Dipole Antenna2.9.2. Near-Zone Radiation2.9.3 Antenna Receiving CharacteristicsReferences3. Brain Anatomy and Auditory Physiology3.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Brain3.2 The Human Auditory System3.2.1 External and Middle Ears3.2.2 The Inner Ear3.2.3 Cochlear Mechanical Activity and Transduction3.2.4 Cochlear Microphonics and Electrical Potentials3.2.5 Action Potentials of the Auditory Nerve3.2.6 Central Auditory Nuclei and Pathways3.3 Perception of Sound and Pressure 3.3.1 Transmission of Sound Pressure3.3.2 Loudness and Pitch3.3.3 Sound Localization3.3.4 Masking Effect3.3.5 Deafness and Hearing Loss3.3.6 Hearing Acuity and AudiometryReferences4. Microwave Property of Biological Materials4.1 Frequency Dependence of Dielectric Permittivity4.2 Relaxation Processes 4.2.1 Low-Loss Dielectric Materials4.2.2. Lossy Dielectrics at Low Frequencies4.2.3. Biological Materials4.3 Temperature Dependence of Dielectric Properties4.4 Measured Tissue and Modeled Permittivity Data 4.4.1 Permittivity of Water4.4.2 Measured Tissue Permittivity Data4.4.3 Debye Modeling of Tissue Permittivity Data4.4.4 Temperature Dependence of Measured Tissue Permittivity 4.4.5 Dielectric Permittivity at Low TemperaturesReferences5. Dosimetry and Microwave Absorption5.1 Dosimetric Quantities and Units5.2 Boundary of Planar Interfaces 5.3 Multiple Tissue Layers5.4 Influence of Orientation and Polarization5.5 Spheroidal Head Models 5.6 Absorption in Anatomical Models 5.6.1 The Visible Human Anatomical Model 5.6.2 Family of Anatomical Computer Models 5.7 Computing SAR in Anatomical Models 5.7.1 The FDTD Algorithm 5.7.2 SAR in Anatomical Human Head in MRI or Near-Zone Exposures 5.7.3 SAR in Anatomical Body Exposed to Plane Waves References6. The Microwave Auditory Effect6.1 A Historical Perspective6.2 Psychophysical Studies in Humans6.2.1 Microwave Pulses at 1245 MHz6.2.2 Microwaves Pulses at 2450 MHz6.2.3 Microwaves Pulses at 3000 MHz6.3 Threshold Power Density for Human Perception6.3.1 Field Tests of Adult Humans with Normal Hearing6.3.2 Laboratory Study of Human Adults with Normal Hearing 6.4 Loudness of Human Perception6.5 Behavioral Study in Animals6.5.1 Discriminative Control of Appetitive Behavior6.5.2 Pulsed Microwave as A Cue in Avoidance Conditioning 6.6 Neurophysiological Study in Animals6.6.1 Brainstem Evoked Response6.6.2 Primary Auditory Cortex6.6.3 Central Auditory Nuclei6.6.4 The Eighth Cranial Auditory Nerve6.6.5 Cochlear Round Window6.6.6 Cochlear Microphonics6.6.7 Brainstem Nuclei Ablations on Auditory Evoked Responses6.6.8 Manipulation of Middle and Outer Ears on BER Potentials6.6.9 Brain Tissue as Site of Interaction6.7 Animal Thresholds, Noise, and BER Potentials6.7.1 Eletrophysiologic Threshold Determination in Animals6.7.2 Effect of Ambient Noise Level6.7.3 Microwave BER Recordings References7. Mechanisms of Microwave to Acoustic Energy Conversion7.1 Site of Microwave to Acoustic Energy Transduction7.2 Possible Mechanisms of Interaction 7.2.1 Radiation Pressure 7.2.2 Electrostrictive Force7.2.3 Thermoelastic Stress7.3 Analysis of Possible Transduction Mechanisms7.3.1 Computation of Radiation Pressure7.3.2 Electrostrictive Force Calculation7.3.3 Thermoelastic Pressure Generation 7.4 Biophysical Properties of Biological Materials7.5 Comparison of Possible Transduction MechanismsReferences8. Thermoelastic Pressure Waves in Canonical Head Models 8.1 Analytic Formulation of Microwave Induced Thermoelastic Pressure8.1.1 Microwave Absorption8.1.2 Temperature Elevation 8.1.3 Thermoelastic Equation of Motion8.2 Pressure Wave in Stress-Free Brain Spheres8.2.1 Thermoelastic Pressure for Ft (t) = 18.2.2 Rectangular Pulse-Induced Pressure in Stress-Free Sphere 8.3 Pressure in Brain Spheres with Constrained Surface8.3.1 Induced Thermoelastic Pressure for Ft (t) = 18.3.2 Rectangular Pulse-Induced Pressure for Constrain Surfaces 8.4 Other Absorption Patterns and Pulse Waveforms 8.5 Calculated and Measured Frequencies for Spherical Head Models 8.5.1 Theoretically Predicted Frequency of Acoustic Pressure Waves8.5.2 Measured Frequency in Spherical Head Models 8.6 Calculated Pressure Amplitude and Displacement 8.6.1 Stress-Free Boundary8.6.2 Constrained Boundary8.6.3 Pressure Wave Dependence on Pulse Width and Pulse Shape 8.7 Pressure Wave Measurements in Animal Heads8.7.1 Pressure Sensing in Animal Head and Frequency Analysis8.7.2 Comparison of Predicted and Measured Sound Frequency8.7.3 Pressure Wave Propagation Measurement in Cat's Head 8.8 Comparison of Predicted and Measured Response Characteristics in Human and Animal Heads 8.8.1 Dependence of Response Amplitude on Microwave Pulse WidthReferences9. Computer Simulation of Pressure Waves in Anatomic Head Models9.1 FDTD Formulation for Microwave Thermoelastic Pressure Waves9.1.1 Maxwell's Electromagnetic Equations9.1.2 Biological Heat Transfer Equation9.1.3 Thermoelastic Equation of Motion9.1.4 Modulated Rectangular Pulse Functions 9.2 Sound Pressure Waves Induced by RF Pulses in MRI Systems9.2.1 Homogeneous Spherical Head Model 9.2.2 Anatomical Head Model9.2.3 Thermoelastic Pressure Waves in Anatomical Head Model9.2.4 MRI Safety Guidelines9.2.5 Human Subjects Inside MRI RF Head Coils9.3 Pressure Waves in Human Heads from Far Field Exposure 9.4 Whole-Body Model Exposed to Plane WavesReferences10. Applied Aspects and Applications 10.1 Microwave Thermoacoustic Tomography and Imaging10.1.1 Microwave Thermoacoustic Imaging 10.1.2 Microwave Thermoacoustic Tomography10.1.3 Further Investigations of MTT10.1.4 Recent Developments in MTT10.1.5 Other MTT Application Domains10.2 Reports of Diplomatic Personnel's Sonic Attacks10.3 Directed Messaging and Mind Control 10.4 Microwave Signal at the Moscow EmbassyReferencesIndex

Lin, James C.

Publikationen von Lin, James C.

ISBN	978-3-030-64546-5
Artikelnummer	9783030645465
Medientyp	Buch
Auflage	1st ed. 2021
Copyrightjahr	2022
Verlag	Springer, Berlin
Umfang	XIII, 348 Seiten
Abbildungen	XIII, 348 p. 203 illus., 132 illus. in color.
Sprache	Englisch