1;Behavioral Neurobiology of Eating Disorders;3 1.1;Preface;5 1.2;Contents;7 1.3;Contributors;9 1.4;Part I: Cognition and Emotionsin Eating Disorders;15 1.4.1;Personality and Temperament;16 1.4.1.1;1 Unique Challenges in the Assessment of Personality and Temperament in the Field of Eating Disorders;17 1.4.1.2;2 Models and Methodology to Examine the Relationship Between Personality and Eating Disorders;18 1.4.1.3;3 Current Knowledge Regarding the Relationship of Personality and Temperament and Eating Disorders;20 1.4.1.4;4 Using Personality and Temperament for Classification and the Search for Genetic Susceptibility Loci;23 1.4.1.5;5 Conclusions and Future Directions;25 1.4.1.6;References;26 1.4.2;Cognitions and Emotions in Eating Disorders;30 1.4.2.1;1 Introduction;31 1.4.2.2;2 Cognitive Biases;31 1.4.2.2.1;2.1 Attention Bias;32 1.4.2.2.1.1;2.1.1 Stroop Task;32 1.4.2.2.1.2;2.1.2 Dot-Probe Task;33 1.4.2.2.1.3;2.1.3 Visual Search Task;34 1.4.2.2.1.4;2.1.4 Eye Tracking;35 1.4.2.2.2;2.2 Interpretation Bias;36 1.4.2.2.3;2.3 Memory Bias;37 1.4.2.2.3.1;2.3.1 Explicit Memory Bias;37 1.4.2.2.3.2;2.3.2 Implicit Memory Bias;38 1.4.2.3;3 General Impairments in Cognitive Processing;38 1.4.2.3.1;3.1 Set Shifting;38 1.4.2.3.2;3.2 Central Coherence;39 1.4.2.3.3;3.3 Decision Making;39 1.4.2.4;4 Manipulation of Cognitive Processes;40 1.4.2.4.1;4.1 Retraining Attention Bias;40 1.4.2.4.2;4.2 Modulation of Food Reward Processing;41 1.4.2.5;5 Cognitive Therapy;42 1.4.2.6;References;43 1.5;Part II: Neural Circuits, Neurotransmitters,and Behavior;47 1.5.1;Neurocircuity of Eating Disorders;48 1.5.1.1;1 Introduction;49 1.5.1.1.1;1.1 Confounding Effects of Malnutrition;50 1.5.1.1.2;1.2 Vulnerabilities That Create a Risk for Developing AN and BN;50 1.5.1.1.3;1.3 Recovered (REC) AN and BN Subjects;50 1.5.1.1.4;1.4 Persistent Alterations in ED Found in Brain Imaging Studies After Recovery;51 1.5.1.1.5;1.5 Implications;52 1.5.1.2;2 Appetitive Regulation and AN and BN;52 1.5.1.2.1;2.1 Studies of Altered Feeding Behavior in AN and BN;52 1.5.1.2.2;2.2 Brain Imaging Studies of Feeding Behavior in AN and BN Confirm Alterations in Limbic and Cognitive Circuits;53 1.5.1.2.3;2.3 Neurocircuitry of Appetite Regulation;53 1.5.1.2.4;2.4 Gustatory fMRI Studies;55 1.5.1.2.5;2.5 Implication;56 1.5.1.3;3 Does the Anterior Insula Contribute to Altered Interoceptive Awareness in AN?;56 1.5.1.4;4 Reward Function in AN and BN;57 1.5.1.4.1;4.1 Altered DA Function in AN and BN;57 1.5.1.4.2;4.2 BOLD Response to Reward and Punishment Is Altered in AN;58 1.5.1.4.3;4.3 Implications;58 1.5.1.5;5 The Neurocircuitry of AN;59 1.5.1.6;6 Conclusions and Future Directions;60 1.5.1.7;References;61 1.5.2;Serotonin: Imaging Findings in Eating Disorders;69 1.5.2.1;1 Introduction;70 1.5.2.2;2 The Role of 5-HT Neurotransmitter Function in Eating Disorders;71 1.5.2.3;3 Brain Imaging Studies;73 1.5.2.3.1;3.1 5-HT2A Receptor;75 1.5.2.3.2;3.2 5-HT1A Receptor;77 1.5.2.3.3;3.3 Brain Regions/Pathways Enervated by 5HT1A/2A Receptors;79 1.5.2.3.4;3.4 5-HT Transporter;80 1.5.2.4;4 Conclusion;81 1.5.2.5;References;83 1.5.3;Dopamine-Based Reward Circuitry Responsivity, Genetics, and Overeating;90 1.5.3.1;1 Introduction: Dopamine Reward and Overeating;91 1.5.3.2;2 Relation of Dopamine Functioning to Overeating and Obesity;91 1.5.3.3;3 Genetic Variation in Dopaminergic Reward in Humans;93 1.5.3.3.1;3.1 The Taq1A Polymorphism of the DRD2 Gene;94 1.5.3.3.2;3.2 Variants in the DRD4 Gene;94 1.5.3.3.3;3.3 Variants in the Dopamine Transporter;95 1.5.3.3.4;3.4 Variants in the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene;95 1.5.3.3.5;3.5 AKT;96 1.5.3.4;4 Appetite-Regulating Hormones and Peptides;97 1.5.3.5;5 Conclusion;97 1.5.3.6;References;98 1.5.4;Reward and Neurocomputational Processes;103 1.5.4.1;1 Introduction;104 1.5.4.2;2 Possible Mechanisms Underlying Reward System Abnormalities in AN;105 1.5.4.3;3 Taste and Reward System Activation Research in AN;106 1.5.4.4;4 Reward Pathway Function and Neurobiology;107 1.5.4.5;5 Rewa