1;Editorial Board;5 2;Introduction;6 3;Contents;15 4;Part I Reporter Genes in Cell Based ultra High Throughput Screening;29 4.1;1 Reporter Genes in Cell Based ultra High Throughput Screening;29 4.1.1;1.1 Introduction;29 4.1.2;1.2 From Gene to Target;30 4.1.3;1.3 Screening Assay Classes;30 4.1.4;1.4 Reporter Gene Classes;31 4.1.5;1.5 Flash-Light Reporter Genes;32 4.1.6;1.6 Glow-Light Reporter Genes;34 4.1.7;1.7 Coelenterazine Dependent Luciferases;34 4.1.8;1.8 Luciferin Dependent Luciferases;36 4.1.9;1.9 Non-Luciferase Glow-Light Reporter Genes;37 4.1.10;1.10 Fluorescent Proteins;38 4.1.11;1.11 Cell Based Assay Formats in ultra High Throughput Screening (uHTS);40 4.1.12;1.12 Reporter Genes in uHTS;42 4.1.13;1.13 Photoprotein Readouts and Cell-Based Assay Development;43 4.1.14;1.14 Multiplexing Reporter Gene Readouts;44 4.1.15;1.15 Ultra High Throughput Screening;45 4.1.16;References;47 4.2;2 Gene Arrays for Gene Discovery;49 4.2.1;2.1 Introduction;49 4.2.2;2.2 Data Processing 2.2.1 Challenges in Data Acquisition and Processing;51 4.2.3;2.2.2 Data Preprocessing: An Overview;51 4.2.4;2.3 Gene Discovery by Gene Clustering;53 4.2.5;2.4 TGF-ß1 Signaling in Dendritic Cells Assessed by Gene Expression Profiling;55 4.2.6;2.4.1 Linking Gene Expression Data to Knowledge-based Databases;58 4.2.7;2.5 Conclusions;58 4.2.8;References;61 4.3;3 Physical Modulation of Cellular Information Networks;63 4.3.1;3.1 Introduction;63 4.3.2;3.2 Cellular Responses to Physical Stimulation;64 4.3.3;3.2.1 Electrical Potential;65 4.3.4;3.2.2 Hydrostatic Pressure;68 4.3.5;3.2.3 Shear Stress;69 4.3.6;3.2.4 Heat Shock;70 4.3.7;3.3 Electrically Controlled Proliferation Under Constant Potential Application 3.3.1 Electrical Potential- Controlled Cell Culture System;71 4.3.8;3.3.2 Cell Viability Under Constant Potential Application;71 4.3.9;3.3.3 Electrical Modulation of Cellular Proliferation Rate;73 4.3.10;3.4 Modulated Proliferation Under Extreme Hydrostatic Pressure;73 4.3.11;3.5 Electrically Modulated Gene Expression Under Alternative Potential Application 3.5.1 Electrically Stimulated Nerve Growth Factor Production;76 4.3.12;3.5.2 Electrically Induced Differentiation of PC12 Cells;78 4.3.13;3.6 Cellular Engineering to Enhance Responses to Physical Stimulation;80 4.3.14;3.7 Concluding Remarks;83 4.3.15;References;85 5;Part II Cell and Tissue Imaging;88 5.1;4 Fluorescence Live-Cell Imaging: Principles and Applications in Mechanobiology;89 5.1.1;4.1 Introduction;89 5.1.2;4.2 Fluorescence Proteins;90 5.1.3;4.3 Fluorescence Microscopy;93 5.1.4;4.4 Applications in Mechanobiology;95 5.1.5;4.5 Perspective in Cardiovascular Physiology and Diseases;102 5.1.6;References;104 5.2;5 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) - An Emerging Technology for Three- Dimensional Imaging of Biological Tissues;108 5.2.1;5.1 Introduction;108 5.2.2;5.2 Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT);110 5.2.3;5.3 Applications in Tissue Engineering;118 5.2.4;5.4 Conclusion;121 5.2.5;References;122 5.3;6 Ultrasonic Strain Imaging and Reconstructive Elastography for Biological Tissue;126 5.3.1;6.1 Introduction;126 5.3.2;6.2 Ultrasound Elastography;128 5.3.3;6.3 Reconstructive Ultrasound Elastography;137 5.3.4;6.4 Medical Results of Elastography;146 5.3.5;6.5 Results of an Intravascular Ultrasound Study;147 5.3.6;6.6 Summary and Conclusion;150 5.3.7;References;152 6;Part III Regenerative Medicine and Nanoengineering;156 6.1;7 Aspects of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Somatic Cell Therapy of Degenerative Diseases;157 6.1.1;7.1 Introduction;157 6.1.2;7.2 Rationale for the Cardiac Tissue Engineering;158 6.1.3;7.3 Embryonic Stem Cells as an Unlimited Source for Cardiomyocytes;159 6.1.4;7.4 Therapeutical Cloning of Embryonic Stem Cells;162 6.1.5;7.5 Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes;165 6.1.6;7.6 Cardiac Tissue Slices;167 6.1.7;7.7 Bioartificial Heart Tissue Based on Biomaterials;169 6.1.8;7.8 Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering;170 6.1.9;7.9 The Ideal Cell;173 6.1.10;7.10 Preparation of Cells for In-Vitro Tissu