1;Foreword;62;Preface;83;Contents;144;Chapter 1:The Perfect Human Machine;184.1;1.1 Biomaterials: Philosophical Background;184.2;1.2 Staying Alive Despite the Second Law;214.3;1.3 Scaling of Plants and Animals;214.4;1.4 Definitions;295;Chapter 2:The Failing Human Machine;365.1;2.1 A Total Hip Replacement;365.2;2.2 Strength and Response to Load;425.2.1;2.2.1 Stainless Steel;445.2.2;2.2.2 Cobalt-Chrome alloys;475.2.3;2.2.3 Titanium Alloys;495.3;2.3 Skeletal Tissue;545.3.1;2.3.1 Cartilage;555.4;2.4 Total Hip Replacement Register;625.5;2.5 Homage to a Pioneer: Sir John Charnley;666;Chapter 3:Corrosion;686.1;3.1 It Should not Have Happened;686.2;3.2 Water Does not Flow Uphill;706.2.1;3.2.1 Electrochemical Series;726.2.2;3.2.2 Pourbaix Diagram;736.2.3;3.2.3 Corrosion Rate;756.2.3.1;3.2.3.1 Anodic and Cathodic Currents;776.2.4;3.2.4 Styles in Corrosion;796.3;3.3 Does It All Fit the Practice of Implants?;856.4;3.4 A Conclusion;867;Chapter 4:Intoxicated by Implants?;887.1;4.1 Trace and Essential Trace Elements;897.2;4.2 Toxicity;907.2.1;4.2.1 Complex Formation;917.2.2;4.2.2 Metallothionein;927.2.3;4.2.3 Multiple Interactions;937.3;4.3 Immunotoxicology;967.4;4.4 Gulliver and the Lilliputians;987.5;4.5 Sensitivity to Metal Implants;1027.5.1;4.5.1 Stainless Steels;1037.5.2;4.5.2 Cobalt-Chromium Alloys;1057.5.3;4.5.3 Titanium Alloys;1087.6;4.6 Wear Debris;1117.7;4.7 And the Answer Is?;1127.8;4.8 Postscriptum;1138;Chapter 5:Zirconium and Other Newcomers;1158.1;5.1 Excellent But Just not Enough?;1158.2;5.2 Zirconium, a Newcomer?;1178.3;5.3 Tantalum and Niobium;1258.4;5.4 Alloys with a Future?;1348.5;5.5 Postscript;1369;Chapter 6:Long Bones;1379.1;6.1 Plaster of Paris;1379.2;6.2 Corollary Between Mineral and Biological Evolution: An Excursion in the Dark Ages;1389.3;6.3 Thermoplastic Polymers;1419.4;6.4 External Fixators;1419.5;6.5 Exploring the Future;1459.6;6.6 Osteosynthesis;1499.7;6.7 G.A. Ilizarov;15110;Chapter 7:Layer by Layer;15310.1;7.1 Computer-Aided Design;15310.2;7.2 Electron Beam Melting;15510.3;7.3 Selective Laser Melting of Metal Powder;15810.4;7.4 Stereolithography of Polymers;16010.5;7.5 Characterization of Porous Structures;16310.6;7.6 Conclusion;16411;Chapter 8:Metal Implants Bound to Disappear;16611.1;8.1 Soluble Metals?;16711.2;8.2 Prospecting for the Best;17111.3;8.3 Hope?;17211.4;8.4 Mg Foams;17511.5;8.5 In Vitro and In Vivo;17611.6;8.6 Conclusion;17712;Chapter 9:A 7,000 Year Old Story: Ceramics;17912.1;9.1 Greek Pottery, a Useful Intermezzo?;17912.2;9.2 Ceramics, Impossible to Define?;18112.3;9.3 Ceramics;18212.3.1;9.3.1 High Performance;18212.3.2;9.3.2 Low Performance;19612.4;9.4 Glass and Glass-Ceramics;19612.4.1;9.4.1 Bioactive Glasses;19712.4.2;9.4.2 Glass-Ceramics;19912.5;9.5 Coatings;20012.6;9.6 General Conclusion;20213;Chapter 10:Dental Materials;20513.1;10.1 Difficulties to ``Bridge';20613.2;10.2 Amalgam;20713.3;10.3 Composite Alternatives;21013.3.1;10.3.1 Adhesives;21313.3.2;10.3.2 Restorative Composites;21713.4;10.4 Orthodontics;21913.5;10.5 Implants;22513.6;10.6 Ceramics;22513.7;10.7 Calcium Phosphates;22713.8;10.8 Postscript;23114;Chapter 11:The Perfect Prosthesis?;23314.1;11.1 The Isoelastic Prosthesis;23314.2;11.2 Polymers for Implants;23514.3;11.3 Why Is a Polymer Like PMMA Transparent to Visible Light?;24314.4;11.4 Polyethyleneterephtalate;24414.5;11.5 Polyamide;24514.6;11.6 Was the Isoelastic Concept a Good Idea?;24514.7;11.7 Heraclitus, 2500 Years Old and Still Alive;24714.8;11.8 We Shall Overcome...Do We?;24914.9;11.9 Thermoplastic Elastomers;25214.9.1;11.9.1 Polyurethane;25214.9.2;11.9.2 Thermoplastic Polyolefins;25214.10;11.10 Conclusion;25615;Chapter 12:Heart Valve Substitutes;25715.1;12.1 Introduction: Valve Explants;25715.2;12.2 The Natural Heart Valves;25815.2.1;12.2.1 The Aortic Valve;25915.2.2;12.2.2 Aortic Valve Substitutes;26115.3;12.3 Soft Tissue Biomechanics;26815.4;12.4 Blood-Ma