Multiple senses, like multiple intelligences, are a key to brain variability and therefore human evolution. Besides the traditional five senses (vision, olfaction, gustation, audition, and somatosensory), humans can also perceive the body's own position (the sense of proprioception) and movement (the vestibular sense). Interoception is the feeling one has about the internal physiological conditions of the entire body. Additionally there is a sense of intuition, also known as the sixth sense. Despite their best efforts, researchers are still unable to concur in specifying the nature of the sixth sense; some consider the sense of proprioception as the sixth sense, whereas others prefer to consider that as a part of interoception. This book will provide a scientific system for the human sixth sense using relevant biophysical and neurophysiological evidence.  

The power of "sixth sense" seems to be underestimated, due to difficulties in defining the concept clearly. Accordingto socioeconomics and neural physics, the sixth sense is that which permits humans to create perception or to enhance the quality of their perception of events. Roughly speaking, the sixth sense engages a metacognitive process through which prior knowledge and the information received from other sensory modalities are synergized. It is not restricted to specific arrow of time and type of mind or to the observer's body, but it considers all arrows of time (past, present, future), types of mind (conscious and unconscious), and physical bodies (self and other). However it is expected that the observer has specific biases towards what happens now or would happen in the future and its relation to himself. Particularly, humans appeal to the sixth sense on the road to achieving success in social competitions and to reduce uncertainty in complex decision making processes. In addition to evidence linking genetic components to the sixth sense submodalities, there have been developed strategiesfor increasing the quality of perceptions provided by the sixth sense. Meditation, through which individuals try to be detached from the world, increases gamma-band activity and that increased gamma-band activity is found following top-down processing. Therefore it can be inferred that the detachment from the environment may enhance synchronization of the wave functions in favor of strengthening the sixth sense. It can serve as the mechanism of enhancement of the sixth sense in those whose sensory systems are intact, it can also serve as the mechanism of compensation in those who have sensory deficiencies. In the latter case, it in fact encourages creativity in the use of relatively strong senses. This justifies Beethoven's deafness and his great musical creativity or Bramblitt's blindness and his enormous capability to paint and many other similar examples.

In summary, the present book is divided into five parts. Part 1 (chapters 1-6) provides information about the system of proprioception and its neurophysiology and biophysics. Part 2 (chapters 7-10) examines the system of interoception. The information provided in these two parts would enable us to move towards the next three parts of the story, aimed at developing a scientific system of the sixth sense. The first chapter of part 3 begins with concepts and uses them to arrive at reasonable conclusion that there must be a sense that requires multistep information processing and that is separate from the sense of proprioception and the sense of interoception. Such sense is commonly known as the sixth sense. However it should be re-numbered because the sense of proprioception is already known as the sixth sense. The second chapter of this part is to draw neurocircuitry that innervates the sixth sense in the mind of a man, while the third chapter would address the questions whether the sixth sense system requires an optimal competence or consciousness of mind to function properly and if so which is the optimalsta

Preface

What Would Happen if Human Lives Beyond Time?.- Neurophysiology of Visual Perception.- Biophysics of Vision.- Cortex, Insula and Interoception.- Interoceptive dysfunction
The Proprioceptive System.- Immunoperception.- The Immunoperceptive System.- Extrasensory Perception: Concept, Types and Interpretation.- Extrasensory Perception: Concept and History
Psychological Perspective on Extrasensory Perception.- Environmental Sensitivity to Extra-Sensory Stimulations and Human Evolution.- A Perspective on the Concept and Nature of the Sixth Sense.- The Sixth Sense: Is It a Chance?.- Fuzzy Sets: Application to the Sixth Sense
Asymmetry: Extra Sparkle to the Sixth Sense?.- Synchronization Side of the Sixth Sense Story
Follow Aura and Find the Sixth Sense.- An Evolutionary Perspective of the Sixth Sense.- The Sixth Sense: Symphony of Spooky Actions.- The Sixth Sense Organs:  The Immune System
The Sixth Sense Organs: The Heart.- The Sixth Sense Organs: The Gut.- The Sixth Sense Organs: The Eyes.- The Sixth Sense Organs: The Ears.- The Sixth Sense Organs: The Hands
Stem Cells Have More Than Five Senses.- Learning The Sixth Sense.- Neurocircuits Underlying Intuitive Processing.- Gut Feelings in Practice.- The Manager's Sixth Sense: An Art in Organizational, Educational, Moral, and Expert Thinking.