G. H. I. M. WALENKAMP, D. W. MURRAY Since the first use of bone cement, there has been much discussion about this important tool in arthroplasty. Many authors consider the cemented prosthesis as the gold standard when evaluating the outcome of primary prostheses. In a large number of total hip arthroplasties, as registered in the Scandi navian Hip Registers, important differences in revision risks have been docu mented between hospitals. These differences are partly due to the use of di verse cement techniques. In the analysis of data, the influence of these tech niques, as well as the different cement types, is clear. A recent disaster with a newly developed cement also illustrated that the quality of the cement must be assured, and that the introduction of a new material must be carefully prepared and followed-up. The new Palamed cement has been developed by the makers of the well known Palacos and Refobacin Palacos, which appeared to be the best ce ments in the Swedish register. An improvement was noted in slightly better handling characteristics, but the end product is the same as Palacos. As men tioned, this cement will be carefully followed-up in the near future. However, its introduction is a good reason to gather the expertise of some of the lead ing figures in the field in this book. II History of Bone Cements CHAPTER 2. 1 Industrial Development of Bone Cement Twenty-Five Years of Experience w. EGE, K. D.

I Introduction

II History of Bone Cements
2.1 Industrial Development of Bone Cement
III Properties of Bone Cements
3.1 Handling Properties of PMMA Bone Cements
3.2 Mechanical Properties of Bone Cements
3.3 Mechanical Testing of Palamed
IV Cementing Technique
4.1 Cementing Technique in Total Hip Replacement: Factors Influencing Survival of Femoral Components
4.2 Bone Cement Porosity in Vacuum Mixing Systems
4.3 Efficacy of a New Prepacked Vacuum Mixing System with Palamed® G Bone Cement
4.4 The Use of the Kent Hip in Fractures
V Antibiotic Loaded Bone Cements
5.1 Gentamicin Release from PMMA Bone Cement - Mechanism and Action on Bacteria
5.2 Pharmacokinetic Study of a Gentamicin/Clindamycin Bone Cement Used in One-Stage Revision Arthroplasty
5.3 Effect of Type of Bone Cement and Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Early Revision of Cemented Total Hip Replacement Presentation from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register 1987-1996
5.4 Two-Stage Revision of Infected Arthroplasty
VI Osteolysis
6.1 Osteolysis Induced by Radio-Opaque Agents
6.2 Wear and Osteolyses
6.3 Effect of PMMA Creep and Prosthesis Surface Finish on the Behavior of a Tapered Cemented Total Hip Stem.