This comprehensive, evidence-based textbook presents the latest knowledge on bad breath, describing insights from basic research and offering expert guidance on current approaches to diagnosis and treatment. The new edition has been thoroughly updated to take account of recent advances in understanding. The opening chapters examine in detail the origins of bad breath, including from the nose and pharynx. Microbial and biochemical aspects are fully explained, and information is also provided on odor perception. The clinically focused chapters cover all forms of laboratory measurement of breath odors, chairside diagnostic techniques, and the full range of available treatment options. The value of self-administered questionnaires in assessing bad breath is discussed, and attention is paid to the problem in specific population groups and to psychological aspects. Finally, future prospects are reviewed. The authors draw on more than forty years of combined experience in the field, both in the laboratory and as consultants to thousands of patients. The book will be of interest to all dentists as well as ENT specialists and family physicians.

<p></p><p>Introduction

Bad Breath of Oral Origin (Oral Malodor)
Microbial and Biochemical Aspects of Bad Breath
Odor Perception
Bad Breath of Nasal and Pharyngeal Origin
Bad Breath and the Stomach
Other Sources of Bad Breath
Laboratory Measurement of Breath Odors
Diagnosis of Oral Malodor in the Clinic
Questionnaires and Self Evaluation of Oral Malodor
Malodor in Specific Populations
Psychological Aspects of Breath Odor
Treatment of Oral Malodor: Products and Regimens
History of Bad Breath
Future Prospects of Oral Malodor Research.</p><p></p>