1989 was by any standards an extraordinary year: the year in which the Cold War ended. However, although much has changed, much remains unresolved or not changed at all. Even though the rationale for the huge military forces has been removed from the East-West relationship, these forces still retain a tremendous potential to do harm. Moreover, threats to peace may grow along North-South and South-South axes. An example of such a threat is the rapid growth in size and sophistication of military arsenals in the South. The contributions to this volume make it clear that the problems of East and West, North and South are inter- twined. Security can be gained only through cooperation. The contributors, who come from widely differing geographical, cultural and political backgrounds, all share the Pugwash tradition of scientific objectivity.

I Strategic Forces and Their Limitation

Prospects for Strategic Offensive and Defensive Forces
Reductions in Strategic Nuclear Warheads
The Role of "Glasnost" in the Future of the Arms Race
Accidental Nuclear War
II European Security
The Vienna Force Reduction Talks: Resolved and Unresolved Tasks
Problems and Prospects for Negotiations on Short-Range Nuclear Forces
The Ideological Dimension of European Security
Non-Military Aspects of European Security
III Chemical Weapons and Their Control
Chemical Weapons - Destruction, Conversion or Endless Debate?
Destruction of Chemical Weapons
An International Scientific Methodology for Verification of Non-Production of Chemical Weapons
The Chemical Weapons Convention: Particular Concerns of Developing Countries
The Chemical Weapons Convention: A Different View
IV Nuclear Weapons Proliferation and Testing
The Non-Proliferation Treaty: Status of Implementation and the Threatening Developments
Beyond Non-Proliferation
The Linkage Between Non-Proliferation, Deterrence Policy, Nuclear Testing and the Arms Race
V The Arms Trade and Regional Conflict
Recent Patterns of Arms Trade and Regional Conflict
The Arms Trade and Regional Conflict: Suppliers' Policies and Behaviour and Their Consequences
Socio-Economic Consequences of Arms Transfers
Control of the Arms Trade as a Contribution to Conflict Prevention
VI Role of United Nations and Multilateral Organizations in International Security
The Role of the United Nations and Multilateral Organizations in International Security
Regional Organizations and Their Contribution to International Security: The Case of ASEAN
The Role of Regional Organizations in the Maintenance of Peace and Security in Latin America
VII Energy -Environment - Development Interaction
Lifestyles, Energy Choices and Development
Broadening the Global Security Debate: Regional and Global Dialogues on Environmental Issues
Development of Energy in China and Its Influence on the Environment
VIII East-West and North-South Cooperation
Trade and Finance: The Bitter Truth
New Approaches to South-South Cooperation
A Decade of Intended Cooperation in Science and Technology - The 1979 Vienna Programme of Action
The Roles of Transnational Public and Private Mechanisms
Appendices
Pugwash Council: Statement on the 39th Pugwash Conference
Statement of the Pugwash Executive Committee on the Fourth NPT Review Conference in 1990
Acronyms
Notes on the Contributors.