"CNS neuroprotection" was a common subject of papers, symposia, and reviews during the previous "decade of the brain. " Indeed, in recent years, experimental study of putative neuroprotective agents prompted clinical trials of numerous drug candidates in acute and chronic human neurodegenerative conditions. While the outcomes of these trials have not been as successful as initially hoped, these were early explorations, and the pipeline of relevant ideas continues to grow in strength and depth. We predict that early in this new millennium, crippling disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease will be treated effectively by therapeutic neuroprotective strategies. This volume of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology titled eNS Neuroprotection provides a pharmacological perspective on currently promis ing neuroprotective approaches, and a clinical perspective on the challenges involved in establishing the efficacy of these approaches through appropriate clinical trials. Section I, "Mechanistic Approaches to CNS Neuroprotection," reviews major injury mechanisms that have formed the basis for many past and present clinical trials conducted around the world. Dr. KIM and colleagues, Washington University School of Medicine, review the status of blocking excitotoxicity as an approach to CNS neuroprotection. Dr. WANG, Pfizer Global Research and Development,Ann Arbor Laboratories, outlines evidence supporting a contri bution of apoptosis to pathological neuronal or glial cell loss. Drs. BECKER and HALLENBECK, University of Washington and the National Institute on Neuro logical Diseases and Stroke, respectively, argue that inhibiting inflammatory pathways in the brain can be neuroprotective. Dr.

Section I: Mechanic Approaches to CNS Neuroprotection

1 Blocking Excitotoxicity
2 Limiting Apoptosis as a Strategy for CNS Neuroprotection
3 Reducing Neuroinflammation
4 Mitochondrial Approaches to Neuroprotection
5 Stabilizing Calcium Homeostasis
6 Blocking Nitric Oxide Toxicity
Section II: Neuroprotective Agents
7 Adenosine-Based Approaches to the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease
8 Sodium and Calcium Channel Blockers
9 Neuroprotection by Free Radical Scavengers and Other Antioxidants
10 Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in the Central Nervous System: New Opportunities for Novel Therapeutics in Brain Ischemia and Trauma
Section III: CNS Delivery of Neuroprotective Therapies
11 Ex Vivo Gene Therapy in the Central Nervous System
12 Developing Gene-Based Neuroprotection Strategies Using Herpes Amplicon Vectors
Section IV: Disease Targetily of Newoportective Therapies
13 Stroke
14 Traumatic Central Nervous System Injury
15 Neurohormonal Signalling Pathways and the Regulation of Alzheimer ?-amyloid Metabolism Integrating Basic and Clinical Observations for Developing Successful Strategies to Delay, Retard or Prevent Cerebral Amyloidosis in Alzheimer's Disease
16 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
17 Therapeutics in Huntington's Disease.