The second edition of this handbook is an up-to-date guide to the application of catheter-based interventions across the entire  age range of congenital heart disease patients, from fetal life through to adulthood. 

It considers the changes and improvements that have occurred during the last few years in terms of new procedures, new tools and devices (in particular in the field of valves), new imaging and pre-procedural strategies,  such as 3D-printing, 3D- rotational angiography and fusion imaging. It provides readers with clear instructions on techniques for vascular access, valve dilatation, angioplasty, stent implantation, defect closure, defect creation, pulmonary valve implantation and on the hybrid approach, as well as on various other procedures. 

As in the first edition, topics are approached using a step-by-step format, ensuring that readers can immediately access the information relevant to their daily practice. Numerous explanatory figuresand drawings are included in each chapter in order to further clarify how to plan, perform and evaluate diagnostic and interventional procedures in the field of congenital heart disease. It also highlights important tips and tricks that will assist health operators in achieving optimal outcomes, and includes an appendix with additional general equations and BSA,  and oxygen consumption charts.

This practical guide will be a valuable resource for surgeons and cardiologists in their daily clinical practice. 

<p>PART I) GENERAL 1) Informed Consent

2) Anaesthesiological Management of the Paediatric Patient in the Catheterisation Laboratory
3) Antibiotics and Anticoagulation
4) 4) Angiography: Basics and Contrast Media.- 5) Angiography: Standard Projections / Radiation Exposure.- 6) Catheters and Wires.- 7) Balloons.- 8) Stents
9) Transcatheter Valve Devices in Congenital Heart Disease.- 10) "Adult" Tools Relevant For Congenital Heart Disease.- 11) Hemodynamic Assessment: Pressures, Flow, Resistances and Vasoreactive Testing
12) Congenital Heart Disease: An Integrated Care Approach.- PART II) VASCULAR ACCESS 13) The Usual Vascular Access.- 14) Unusual Access.- 15) Hemostasis.- 16) Access Complications and Management.- 17) Transseptal Access.- 18) Hybrid Accesses.- PART III) FETAL PROCEDURES 19) Fetal Interventions.- PART IV) STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES: VALVE DILATATION 20) Aortic Valvular Stenosis.- 21) Pulmonary Valvular Stenosis.- 22) Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Venreicular Septum
23) Percutaneous Transcatheter Balloon Mitral Commissurotomy.- PART V) STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES: VESSEL TREATMENT 24) Stent Implantation in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Stenosis.- 25) Aortic Coarctation
26) The Role of Transcatheter Interventions in Middle Aortic Syndrome.- 27) Reopening of Peripheral and Central Arteries and Veins.- 28) PDA Stenting in Duct-dependent Pulmonary Circulation.- 29) PDA Stenting in Duct-dependent Systemic Circulation.- PART VI) STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES: CLOSING OR CREATING A DEFECT 30) Step-by-step Closure of Atrial Septal Defects (ASDs)
31) Step-by-step Device Closure of Persistent Foramen Ovale (PFO).- 32) Fontan Fenestrations Closure.- 33) Ventricular Septal Defect.- 34) Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure
35) Percutaneous Closure of PDA in Premature Babies.- 36) Closure of Coronary Arterial Fistulas.- 37) Vessel Embolization: Transcatheter Embolization of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations and Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries.- 38) Closure of Residual Post-surgical Defects
39) ASD Closure in Special Situations: Elderly, PA-IVS.- 40) Creating an Interatrial Communication
41) Transcatheter Correction of the Superior Sinus Venosus ASD.- PART VII) STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES: VALVE IMPLANTATION 42) Melody Valve Implantation in Pulmonary Position.- 43) SAPIEN XT Valve Implantation in the Pulmonary Position.- 44) Percutaneous Tricuspid Valve Implantation
45) Novel Self-Expanding Pulmonary Valves and Devices
46) Approaches to Large or Complex Right Ventricular Outflow Tract.- PART VIII) STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES: PRINCIPLES OF HYBRID APPROACH 47) Hybrid Approach in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS).- 48) Hybrid Approach: Defect Closure.- 49) Hybrid Approach: Stent Implantation.- PART IX) STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURES: MISCELLANEA 50) Retrieval Techniques.- 51) Pericardiocentesis.- 52) Endomyocardial Biopsies
53) Evaluations Before Partial and Total Cavopulmonary Connections.- 54) Hemodynamics in Pericardial and Myocardial Diseases.- 55) Imaging and Treating Coronary Arteries in Children.- 56) Transcatheter Treatments in PA-VSD-MAPCAs
57) Stenting of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract as Initial Palliation for Fallot-Type Lesions.- PART X) IMAGING TECHNIQUES 58) The Use of 3D Rotational Angiography in Congenital Heart Disease.- 59) Intracardiac Echocardiography
60) Three Dimensional Transoesophageal Echocardiography in Diagnosis and Transcatheter Treatment of Congenital Cardiac Defects.- 61) 3D Mapping - Live Integration and Overlay of 3D Data from MRI and CT for Improved Guidance of Interventional Cardiac Therapy.- 62) 3D Printing and Engineering Tools Relevant to Plan a Transcatheter Procedure
63) Development of a Quality Improvement Culture in the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
64) Quality Improvement Tools and Risk Mitigation in the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory.- 65)  Hemodynamic Formulae, Calculations and Charts.</p>