Chemistry of High-Energy Materials
This graduate-level textbook treats the basic chemistry of high energy materials - primary and secondary explosives, propellants, rocket fuel and pyrotechnics - andprovides a review of new research developments. Applications in both military and civil fields are discussed. The book also offers new insights into "green" chemistry requirements and strategies for military applications. This work should be of interest to advanced students in chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as all those working indefense technology.
1;Preface to this English edition;6 2;Preface to the first German edition;8 3;Contents;10 4;1 Introduction;14 4.1;1.1 Historical Overview;14 4.2;1.2 New Developments;20 4.2.1;1.2.1 Polymer-Bonded Explosives;20 4.2.2;1.2.2 New High (Secondary) Explosives;22 4.2.3;1.2.3 New Primary Explosives;30 4.2.4;1.2.4 New Oxidizers for Solid Rocket Motors;32 4.3;1.3 Definitions;33 4.4;1.4 Combustion, Deflagration, Detonation - A Short Introduction;37 4.4.1;1.4.1 Fire and Combustion;37 4.4.2;1.4.2 Deflagration and Detonation;40 5;2 Classification of Energetic Materials;42 5.1;2.1 Primary Explosives;42 5.2;2.2 High (Secondary) Explosives;44 5.3;2.3 Propellant Charges;51 5.4;2.4 Rocket Propellants;53 5.4.1;2.4.1 Chemical Thermal Propulsion (CTP);64 5.5;2.5 Pyrotechnics;65 5.5.1;2.5.1 Detonators, Initiators, Delay Compositions and Heat-Generating Pyrotechnics;65 5.5.2;2.5.2 Light-Generating Pyrotechnics;68 5.5.3;2.5.3 Decoy Flares;72 5.5.4;2.5.4 Smoke Munitions;78 5.5.5;2.5.5 Near-Infrared (NIR) Compositions;81 6;3 Detonation, Detonation Velocity and Detonation Pressure;84 7;4 Thermodynamics;88 7.1;4.1 Theoretical Basis;88 7.2;4.2 Computational Methods;94 7.2.1;4.2.1 Thermodynamics;94 7.2.2;4.2.2 Detonation Parameters;97 7.2.3;4.2.3 Combustion Parameters;101 7.2.4;4.2.4 Example: Theoretical Evaluation of New Solid Rocket Propellants;105 7.2.5;4.2.5 Example: EXPLO5 Calculation of the Gun Propellant Properties of Single, Double and Triple Base Propellants;112 8;5 Initiation;114 9;6 Experimental Characterization of Explosives;116 9.1;6.1 Sensitivities;116 9.2;6.2 Long-Term Stabilities;121 9.3;6.3 Insensitive Munitions;123 9.4;6.4 Gap Test;125 9.5;6.5 Classification;126 10;7 Special Aspects of Explosives;130 10.1;7.1 Shaped Charges;130 10.2;7.2 Detonation Velocities;136 10.3;7.3 Gurney Model;141 10.3.1;7.3.1 Example: Calculation of the Gurney Velocity for a General Purpose Bomb;146 11;8 Correlation between the Electrostatic Potential and the Impact Sensitivity;148 11.1;8.1 Electrostatic Potentials;148 11.2;8.2 Volume-Based Sensitivities;151 12;9 Design of Novel Energetic Materials;154 12.1;9.1 Classification;154 12.2;9.2 Polynitrogen Compounds;156 12.3;9.3 High-Nitrogen Compounds;161 12.3.1;9.3.1 Tetrazole and Dinitramide Chemistry;162 12.3.2;9.3.2 Tetrazole, Tetrazine and Trinitroethyl Chemistry;169 12.3.3;9.3.3 Ionic Liquids;174 12.4;9.4 Dinitroguanidine Derivatives;175 13;10 Synthesis of Energetic Materials;178 13.1;10.1 Molecular Building Blocks;178 13.2;10.2 Nitration Reactions;179 13.3;10.3 Processing;184 14;11 Safe Handling of Energetic Materials in the Laboratory;186 14.1;11.1 General;186 14.2;11.2 Protective Equipment;187 14.3;11.3 Laboratory Equipment;189 15;12 Energetic Materials of the Future;192 16;13 Related Topics;198 16.1;13.1 Thermobaric Weapons;198 16.2;13.2 Agent Defeat Weapons;200 16.3;13.3 Nanothermites;201 16.3.1;13.3.1 Example: Iron Oxide /Aluminum Thermite;207 16.3.2;13.3.2 Example: Copper Oxide /Aluminum Thermite;208 16.3.3;13.3.3 Example: Molybdenum Trioxide /Aluminum Thermite;209 17;14 Study Questions;212 18;15 Literature;216 19;16 Appendix;224 20;Author;234 21;Index;236
Klapötke, Thomas M.
ISBN | 9783110227840 |
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Artikelnummer | 9783110227840 |
Medientyp | E-Book - PDF |
Copyrightjahr | 2011 |
Verlag | Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co.KG |
Umfang | 244 Seiten |
Sprache | Englisch |
Kopierschutz | Digitales Wasserzeichen |