1;1 Introduction;13
1.1;1.1 Historical Overview;13
1.2;1.2 New Developments;19
1.2.1;1.2.1 Polymer-Bonded Explosives;19
1.2.2;1.2.2 New High (Secondary) Explosives;21
1.2.3;1.2.3 New Primary Explosives;30
1.2.4;1.2.4 New Oxidizers for Solid Rocket Motors;33
1.3;1.3 Definitions;36
1.4;1.4 Combustion, Deflagration, Detonation - A Short Introduction;40
1.4.1;1.4.1 Fire and Combustion;40
1.4.2;1.4.2 Deflagration and Detonation;43
2;2 Classification of Energetic Materials;45
2.1;2.1 Primary Explosives;45
2.2;2.2 High (Secondary) Explosives;47
2.3;2.3 Propellant Charges;54
2.4;2.4 Rocket Propellants;56
2.4.1;2.4.1 Chemical Thermal Propulsion (CTP);67
2.5;2.5 Pyrotechnics;68
2.5.1;2.5.1 Detonators, Initiators, Delay Compositions and Heat-Generating Pyrotechnics;68
2.5.2;2.5.2 Light-Generating Pyrotechnics;71
2.5.3;2.5.3 Decoy Flares;77
2.5.4;2.5.4 Smoke Munitions;83
2.5.5;2.5.5 Near-Infrared (NIR) Compositions;89
3;3 Detonation, Detonation Velocity and Detonation Pressure;91
4;4 Thermodynamics;95
4.1;4.1 Theoretical Basis;95
4.2;4.2 Computational Methods;101
4.2.1;4.2.1 Thermodynamics;101
4.2.2;4.2.2 Detonation Parameters;104
4.2.3;4.2.3 Combustion Parameters;108
4.2.4;4.2.4 Example: Theoretical Evaluation of New Solid Rocket Propellants;113
4.2.5;4.2.5 Example: EXPLO5 Calculation of the Gun Propellant Properties of Single, Double and Triple Base Propellants;120
5;5 Initiation;123
6;6 Experimental Characterization of Explosives;127
6.1;6.1 Sensitivities;127
6.2;6.2 Long-Term Stabilities;132
6.3;6.3 Insensitive Munitions;134
6.4;6.4 Gap Test;136
6.5;6.5 Classification;137
7;7 Special Aspects of Explosives;141
7.1;7.1 Shaped Charges;141
7.2;7.2 Detonation Velocities;147
7.3;7.3 Gurney Model;152
7.3.1;7.3.1 Example: Calculation of the Gurney Velocity for a General Purpose Bomb;157
8;8 Correlation between the Electrostatic Potential and the Impact Sensitivity;159
8.1;8.1 Electrostatic Potentials;159
8.2;8.2 Volume-Based Sensitivities;162
9;9 Design of Novel Energetic Materials;165
9.1;9.1 Classification;165
9.2;9.2 Polynitrogen Compounds;167
9.3;9.3 High-Nitrogen Compounds;172
9.3.1;9.3.1 Tetrazole and Dinitramide Chemistry;173
9.3.2;9.3.2 Tetrazole, Tetrazine and Trinitroethyl Chemistry;180
9.3.3;9.3.3 Ionic Liquids;185
9.4;9.4 Dinitroguanidine Derivatives;189
9.5;9.5 Co-Crystallization;191
9.6;9.6 Future Energetics;192
10;10 Synthesis of Energetic Materials;197
10.1;10.1 Molecular Building Blocks;197
10.2;10.2 Nitration Reactions;198
10.3;10.3 Processing;203
11;11 Safe Handling of Energetic Materials in the Laboratory;205
11.1;11.1 General;205
11.2;11.2 Protective Equipment;206
11.3;11.3 Laboratory Equipment;208
12;12 Energetic Materials of the Future;211
13;13 Related Topics;217
13.1;13.1 Thermobaric Weapons;217
13.2;13.2 Agent Defeat Weapons;219
13.3;13.3 Nanothermites;221
13.3.1;13.3.1 Example: Iron Oxide/Aluminum Thermite;227
13.3.2;13.3.2 Example: Copper Oxide/Aluminum Thermite;228
13.3.3;13.3.3 Example: Molybdenum Trioxide/Aluminum Thermite;229
13.4;13.4 Homemade Explosives;230
14;14 Study Questions;231
15;15 Literature;235
16;16 Appendix;245
17;Index;259