1;1 Introduction;13<br />1.1;1.1 Historical Overview;13<br />1.2;1.2 New Developments;19<br />1.2.1;1.2.1 Polymer-Bonded Explosives;19<br />1.2.2;1.2.2 New High (Secondary) Explosives;21<br />1.2.3;1.2.3 New Primary Explosives;30<br />1.2.4;1.2.4 New Oxidizers for Solid Rocket Motors;33<br />1.3;1.3 Definitions;36<br />1.4;1.4 Combustion, Deflagration, Detonation - A Short Introduction;40<br />1.4.1;1.4.1 Fire and Combustion;40<br />1.4.2;1.4.2 Deflagration and Detonation;43<br />2;2 Classification of Energetic Materials;45<br />2.1;2.1 Primary Explosives;45<br />2.2;2.2 High (Secondary) Explosives;47<br />2.3;2.3 Propellant Charges;54<br />2.4;2.4 Rocket Propellants;56<br />2.4.1;2.4.1 Chemical Thermal Propulsion (CTP);67<br />2.5;2.5 Pyrotechnics;68<br />2.5.1;2.5.1 Detonators, Initiators, Delay Compositions and Heat-Generating Pyrotechnics;68<br />2.5.2;2.5.2 Light-Generating Pyrotechnics;71<br />2.5.3;2.5.3 Decoy Flares;77<br />2.5.4;2.5.4 Smoke Munitions;83<br />2.5.5;2.5.5 Near-Infrared (NIR) Compositions;89<br />3;3 Detonation, Detonation Velocity and Detonation Pressure;91<br />4;4 Thermodynamics;95<br />4.1;4.1 Theoretical Basis;95<br />4.2;4.2 Computational Methods;101<br />4.2.1;4.2.1 Thermodynamics;101<br />4.2.2;4.2.2 Detonation Parameters;104<br />4.2.3;4.2.3 Combustion Parameters;108<br />4.2.4;4.2.4 Example: Theoretical Evaluation of New Solid Rocket Propellants;113<br />4.2.5;4.2.5 Example: EXPLO5 Calculation of the Gun Propellant Properties of Single, Double and Triple Base Propellants;120<br />5;5 Initiation;123<br />6;6 Experimental Characterization of Explosives;127<br />6.1;6.1 Sensitivities;127<br />6.2;6.2 Long-Term Stabilities;132<br />6.3;6.3 Insensitive Munitions;134<br />6.4;6.4 Gap Test;136<br />6.5;6.5 Classification;137<br />7;7 Special Aspects of Explosives;141<br />7.1;7.1 Shaped Charges;141<br />7.2;7.2 Detonation Velocities;147<br />7.3;7.3 Gurney Model;152<br />7.3.1;7.3.1 Example: Calculation of the Gurney Velocity for a General Purpose Bomb;157<br />8;8 Correlation between the Electrostatic Potential and the Impact Sensitivity;159<br />8.1;8.1 Electrostatic Potentials;159<br />8.2;8.2 Volume-Based Sensitivities;162<br />9;9 Design of Novel Energetic Materials;165<br />9.1;9.1 Classification;165<br />9.2;9.2 Polynitrogen Compounds;167<br />9.3;9.3 High-Nitrogen Compounds;172<br />9.3.1;9.3.1 Tetrazole and Dinitramide Chemistry;173<br />9.3.2;9.3.2 Tetrazole, Tetrazine and Trinitroethyl Chemistry;180<br />9.3.3;9.3.3 Ionic Liquids;185<br />9.4;9.4 Dinitroguanidine Derivatives;189<br />9.5;9.5 Co-Crystallization;191<br />9.6;9.6 Future Energetics;192<br />10;10 Synthesis of Energetic Materials;197<br />10.1;10.1 Molecular Building Blocks;197<br />10.2;10.2 Nitration Reactions;198<br />10.3;10.3 Processing;203<br />11;11 Safe Handling of Energetic Materials in the Laboratory;205<br />11.1;11.1 General;205<br />11.2;11.2 Protective Equipment;206<br />11.3;11.3 Laboratory Equipment;208<br />12;12 Energetic Materials of the Future;211<br />13;13 Related Topics;217<br />13.1;13.1 Thermobaric Weapons;217<br />13.2;13.2 Agent Defeat Weapons;219<br />13.3;13.3 Nanothermites;221<br />13.3.1;13.3.1 Example: Iron Oxide/Aluminum Thermite;227<br />13.3.2;13.3.2 Example: Copper Oxide/Aluminum Thermite;228<br />13.3.3;13.3.3 Example: Molybdenum Trioxide/Aluminum Thermite;229<br />13.4;13.4 Homemade Explosives;230<br />14;14 Study Questions;231<br />15;15 Literature;235<br />16;16 Appendix;245<br />17;Index;259