This volume brings together the papers which 33 radiologists, chosen among the leading European experts, presented at the Halley Project 1996 Refresher Course. The project, which I promoted and co-ordinated, started out under the aegis of the European Association of Radiology in 1992 with the aim of fostering the advancement of Radiology in various countries of Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Rumania. Thanks to the expertise and enthusiasm of distinguished colleagues from various countries in Western Europe and to the generosity of two sponsors, Bracco International and Schering A.G., it was possible to set up, in 1992, 1993, 1994 and 1995. four Faculties of Experts in Uroradiology. Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology, Chest Radiology and Skeletal Radiology. These four faculties then gave a refresher course on the four radiological subspecialities in the six nations mentioned above. The project was called Halley, after the famous comet, in a desire to express the idea of spreading Western radiological culture among Eastern radiologists who were visited in their own countries. In these 4 years. as project leader, I accompanied the four Faculties during their tour and was thus able to experience the various local situations, not only in radiological terms but also socially. thanks to the ever warm relationships among radiologists of different nationalities and of different ages who attended the courses.

Chest Radiology

Haemoptysis: The Role of Radiology in Investigation and Treatment
Small-Airway Diseases of the Lungs: Value of Expiratory CT
CT of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Imaging in Pulmonary Embolism
Minimally Invasive Methods for the Assessment of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules
Mediastinal Masses
Congenital Abnormalities Affecting the Respiratory System
Radiology in Chest Emergencies
Interventional Radiology of the Chest: Percutaneous Procedures
Skeletal Radiology
Digital Skeletal Radiography
Surface Lesions of Bone
Advances in Joint Imaging
Radiological Assessment of Pain in the Knee
Radiological Assessment of Pain in the Foot
Bone Marrow Imaging
Metastatic Bone Disease
G.I. and Abdominal Radiology
Radiological Workup in Oral-pharyngeal Dysphagia: Costs and Clinical Results
Ischaemic Bowel Disease: Radiographic and Imaging Features
Disorders of the Small Intestine
Defecography in Anorectal Functional Disorders
Imaging of Focal Lesions of the Liver: Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Pancreatic Tumours
Imaging an Abdominal Mass in Children: Concepts and Challenges
New Interventional Procedures in the Abdomen
Uroradiology
New Frontiers in Uroangiographic Contrast Media
Imaging in Renovascular Hypertension
Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Acute Renal Infections in Adults
Imaging of Urinary Tract Obstruction
Malignant Renal Tumours
Imaging of the Lower Urinary Tract
Imaging of Prostate Cancer
Interventional Uroradiology
Management Issues in Radiology.