1;Foreword;5 2;Preface;6 3;Contents;7 4;List of Contributors;9 5;Abbreviations;13 6;Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Angiography;15 6.1;1.1 Basic Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging;16 6.2;1.2 Magnetic Resonance Angiography, Techniques and Principles;50 6.3;1.3 Techniques in Cardiac Imaging;55 6.4;1.4 Artifacts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging;59 6.5;1.5 MR Safety;66 6.6;Further Reading;66 7;Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging;67 7.1;2.1 Introduction;67 7.2;2.2 Mechanism of Action;67 7.3;2.3 Extracellular Contrast Agents;69 7.4;2.4 Tissue- Specific Contrast Agents;72 7.5;2.5 Blood- Pool Agents;76 7.6;2.6 Gastrointestinal Contrast Agents;77 7.7;Further Reading;77 8;Haemorrhage;78 8.1;3.1 Introduction;78 8.2;3.2 Oxidation and Denaturation of Haemoglobin;78 8.3;3.3 Magnetic Properties in Haemorrhage;79 8.4;3.4 Relaxation Mechanisms;79 8.5;3.5 Evolving Parenchymal Haemorrhage;80 8.6;3.6 Sub- and Epidural Haemorrhage;85 8.7;3.7 Subarachnoid and Intraventricular Haemorrhage;85 8.8;3.8 Intratumoral Haemorrhage;85 8.9;3.9 Technical Considerations;85 8.10;Further Reading;89 9;Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain;90 9.1;4.1 Coils and Positioning;91 9.2;4.2 Congenital Disorders and Hereditary Diseases;95 9.3;4.3 Mass Lesions;102 9.4;4.4 Supratentorial Brain Tumors;109 9.5;4.5 Infratentorial Tumors;114 9.6;4.6 Sella Turcica and Hypophysis;122 9.7;4.7 Cerebrovascular Disease;127 9.8;4.8 White Matter Lesions;140 9.9;4.9 Intracranial Infection;149 9.10;4.10 The Aging Brain;153 9.11;4.11 Craniocerebral Trauma;154 9.12;4.12 Seizures;155 9.13;Further Reading;159 9.14;Addendum. Classification of central nervous system tumors ( WHO Classification);159 10;Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine;160 10.1;5.1 Patient Positioning and Coils;160 10.2;5.2 Sequence Protocol;162 10.3;5.3 Clinical Examples;174 10.4;Reference;185 10.5;Further Reading;185 11;Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Head and Neck;186 11.1;6.1 Temporal Bone;187 11.2;6.2 Eye and Orbit;193 11.3;6.3 Paranasal Sinuses;198 11.4;6.4 Skull Base;206 11.5;6.5 Nasopharynx and Surrounding Deep Spaces and Parotid Glands;209 11.6;6.6 Oropharynx and Oral Cavity;213 11.7;6.7 Larynx and Hypopharynx;216 11.8;6.8 Temporomandibular Joint;217 11.9;Further Reading;221 12;Joints;223 12.1;7.1 Special Coils/ Planes/ Positioning;224 12.2;7.2 Sequence Protocols and Contrast Medium Application;224 12.3;7.3 Artifacts;227 12.4;7.4 Shoulder Joint;227 12.5;7.5 Elbow Joint;230 12.6;7.6 Wrist Joint;233 12.7;7.7 Sacroiliac Joints;234 12.8;7.8 Hip Joint;236 12.9;7.9 Knee Joint;238 12.10;7.10 Ankle and Foot Joints;244 12.11;Further Reading;248 13;Bone and Soft Tissues;249 13.1;8.1 Introduction and General Remarks;249 13.2;8.2 MR of Bone Marrow;252 13.3;8.3 Diseases of the Musculotendinous Unit;257 13.4;8.4 MR of Primary Bone Tumors;266 13.5;8.5 MR of Soft- Tissue Tumors;272 13.6;Further Reading;280 14;Upper Abdomen: Liver, Pancreas, Biliary System, and Spleen;282 14.1;9.1 General Clinical Indications;283 14.2;9.2 Coils;283 14.3;9.3 Pulse Sequences;283 14.4;9.4 Liver;285 14.5;9.5 Liver Pathology - Diffuse Liver Disease;288 14.6;9.6 Liver Pathology - Focal Liver Disease;296 14.7;9.7 Biliary System;312 14.8;9.8 Pancreas;315 14.9;9.9 Spleen;325 14.10;Further Reading;329 15;Kidneys and Adrenal Glands;330 15.1;10.1 MR Imaging of the Kidneys;330 15.2;10.2 MR Imaging of the Adrenal Glands;337 15.3;Further Reading;345 16;Pelvis;346 16.1;11.1 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Coil Selection;346 16.2;11.2 Sequence Protocols;348 16.3;11.3 Clinical Applications of Pelvic MR Imaging;354 16.4;11.4 Pediatric Pelvic MR Imaging;374 16.5;Further Reading;374 17;Heart;376 17.1;12.1 Patient Preparation, Positioning, and Coil Selection;377 17.2;12.2 Sequence Protocols;380 17.3;12.3 Clinical Applications of Cardiac MR Imaging;383 17.4;Further Reading;407 18;Large Vessels and Peripheral Vessels;408 18.1;13.1 Introduction;408 18.2;13.2 MRA Techniques;409 18.3;13.3 Summary of Basic Advantages an