This book gathers a collection of cases with challenging diagnoses, in which nuclear medicine examinations have been particularly helpful in terms of the final diagnosis or follow-up. The cases presented chiefly involve patients with neurodegenerative disorders, epilepsy and brain tumors. The book is intended for nuclear medicine specialists as well as clinicians, offering essential guidance on the interpretation of neurology cases in the clinical setting, particularly with regard to correctly interpreting diagnostic imaging procedures. The authors were selected from the members of the Neuroimaging Committee of the EANM and have extensive experience as clinicians and teachers within the Nuclear Medicine Community.  

SECTION I - Nuclear Medicine cases of dementia and movement disorders

 Case 1: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - [18F]FDG and amyloid PET
 Case 2: Alzheimer´s disease - [18F]FDG, tau and amyloid PET
 Case 3: Alzheimer´s disease - Behavioural variant
 Case 4: Parkinson´s disease with onset as MCI
 Case 5: Parkinson´s disease with vascular abnormalities
 Case 6: Parkinson´s disease with left-side spasticity
 Case 7: Holmes tremor
 Case 8: Multiple system atrophy with DAT SPECT and [18F]FDG PET
 Case 9: Progressive supranuclear palsy: Richardson syndrome and Parkinsonian variants
 Case 10: Progressive supranuclear palsy
 Case 11: Corticobasal syndrome - [18F]FDG and amyloid PET
 Case 12: Huntington´s disease with atypical onset
 Case 13: Huntington´s disease with psychiatric onset
 Case 14: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with pathological confirmation
 SECTION II - Nuclear Medicine cases of epilepsy and encephalitis. Case 15: Temporal lobe epilepsy
 Case 16: Ictal imaging in partial status epilept cus
 Case 17: Focal pharmacoresistant epilepsy
Case 18: Post-surgical epilepsy
Case 19: Thalamic hamartoma
Case 20: Autoimmune encephalitis with unusual antibodies
Case 21: Psychiatric presentation of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) limbic encephalitis
Case 22: Hashimoto encephalitis. SECTION III -  Nuclear Medicine cases of brain tumors
 Case 23: Pseudoresponse in a case of Glioblastoma multiforme
Case 24: Progressive Glioma
Case 25: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioma
Case 26: Post-operative meningioma
Case 27: Meningioma with difficult delineation on MRI
Case 28: Optic nerve sheath meningioma (ONSM)
 Case 29: Primary brain lymphoma
Case 29: Neurolymphomatosis
Case 30: Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT)
Case 31: Brain metastatis - progression/recurrence vs. radionecrosis
Case 32: Tumefactive plaques
SECTION IV  -  PET/MRI and challenging cases
Case 33: Typical AD with discordant biomarkers
Case 34: Fronto-temporal dementia, behavioural variant, mimicker
Case 35: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Case 36: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Case 37: Epilepsy
Case 38: Limbic encephalitis.