This book aims to impart all the practical knowledge required in order to evaluate and treat children with anatomical, neurological, and functional incontinence. It explains how appropriate choice of management in childhood depends first of all on a correct diagnosis, then on thorough urodynamic evaluation, and finally on sound assessment of the condition of the individual patient. The full range of relevant pathologies are considered and all of the treatment options are extensively discussed, including behavioral therapy, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, pharmacotherapy, neuromodulation, endoscopic procedures, and surgical reconstruction. Careful attention is paid to the impacts that treatments performed during childhood may have on later adult life, including on fertility and pregnancy, with a view to ensuring that the reader will be in a position to time treatments correctly, thereby avoiding adverse effects, and possess all the information needed to address the concerns of patients and their families. The book will be of value to pediatricians, urologists, nurses, physiotherapist, students, and all others with an interest in the field.

Part 1. Diagnostic Evaluation

1. Anatomy and Neurophysiology of the Lower Urinary Tract and Pelvic Floor
2. Clinical Evaluation: History Taking and Urological, Gynecological, and Neurological Evaluation.-3. Diagnostic Scores: Questionnaires on Continence and Quality of Life
4. Diaries
5. Imaging: X-ray, Ultrasound, MRI
6. Endoscopy
7. Flowmetry and Noninvasive Evaluation
8. Cystometry, Pressure-Flow Study, and Urethral Pressure Profile
9. Videourodynamics
10. Neurophysiological Testing
11. Diagnostic Tests for Defecation Disorders: Anorectal Manometry, Ultrasound, Pelvic MRI, and Bowel Transit Time
Part 2. Pathological Conditions
12. Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunctions in Children and Young Adults: An Introduction
13. Neurogenic Bladder: Myelomeningocele, Occult Spina Bifida, and Tethering
14. Spinal Cord Injury and Iatrogenic Lesion
15. Cerebral Palsy and Encephalopathies
16. Learning Disabilities and Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction
17. Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis
18. Nonmonosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis
19. Overactive Bladder
20. Daytime Lower Urinary Tract Conditions
21. Congenital and Iatrogenic Incontinence: Ectopic Ureter, Ureterocele, Urogenital Sinus
22. Congenital Incontinence: Exstrophy
23. Po29, Sterior Urethral Valves
24. Hypospadia and Urethral Stricture
Part 3. Therapies
25. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
26. Rehabilitation and BFB
27. Clean Intermittent Catheterization
28. Pharmacological Therapy
29. Sacral Neuromodulation
30. Bowel Dysfunction Management
31. PTNS e TENS
32. Botulinum Toxin, Endoscopic and Minimally Invasive Treatment (IVS and TOT)
33. Laparoscopic Treatment
34. Surgery.