Both the number of pediatric surgeons using minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and the number of operations involving MIS are increasing. This atlas of anatomy and operative techniques provides a thorough outline of the procedures commonly used in laparoscopic and thoracoscopic pediatric surgery. Step-by-step operative photographs are accompanied by explanatory text, and line diagrams are used to highlight the important anatomy as seen endoscopically. Alternative techniques, instruments, and steps are described when appropriate, and attention is drawn to highlights and pitfalls. While each chapter includes some basic background on the condition in question, the focus is very much on the operative procedures. This atlas will be of special benefit to those establishing a laparoscopic practice as well as to those in training who wish to embark on MIS. It will also serve as a supplementary atlas of anatomy and surgical technique for younger surgeons and medical students. 

1. Introduction and General Principles

2. Equipment and Ergonomics
3. Thoracoscopic Debridement of Empyema
4. Spontaneous Pneumothorax
5. Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsy and Segmentectomy
6. Thoracic Sympathectomy
7. Thymectomy
8. Mediastinal Cysts.-9. Thoracoscopic Nuss Procedure
10. Oesophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula
11. Thorascopic Aortopexy
12. Thoracoscopy for Congenital Lung Malformations
13. Thoracic Neuroblastoma
14. Thoracoscopic Placation for Eventration of the Diaphragm
15. Laparoscopic Repair of Morgani Hernia
16. Primary Button Gastrostomy
17. Laparoscopic Thal Fundoplication
18. Pyloric Stenosis
19. Duodenal Atresia Repair
20. Meckel Diverticulum
21. Laparoscopy for Intussusception
23. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
24. Laparoscopic Splenectomy
25. Laparoscopic Surgery for Choledochal Cysts
26. Laparoscopic Colectomy
27. Laparoscopic Duhamels Pullthrough for Hirschprung Disease
28. Laparoscopy-Assisted Soave Pullthrough for Hirschprung Disease.-29. Laparoscopy-Assisted Swenson-like Transanal Pullthrough for Hirschprung Disease
30. Inguinal Herniotomy
31. Undescended Testis: Laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens Orchidopexy
32. Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy
33. Retroperitoneoscopic Adrenalectomy
34. Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
35. Retroperitoneoscopic Nephrectomy/Heminephrectomy
36. Pyeloplasty.-