This atlas provides a selection of operations for intra- and extradural pathologies of the spinal cord and its nerve roots. Pathologies involving the spinal cord threaten the patients´ mobility, independence or even life. Fortunately, the overwhelming majority are of benign nature, so that surgery plays an important role or even represents their treatment of choice. With modern imaging and microsurgical techniques neurological functions can be maintained or even improved for the majority of patients.The content is presented in a standardized fashion: the preoperative history is followed by preoperative images leading to a preoperative diagnosis and surgical strategy. The intraoperative images intend to illustrate individual surgical steps one after the other to guide the reader through each of these operations. Each case is concluded with postoperative images and information on clinical outcome.The atlas features extradural soft tissue tumors, intradural extramedullaryand intramedullary tumors, malformations of the craniocervical junction and spinal canal, spinal arteriovenous malformations and pathologies of spinal meninges. The operations selected are meant to provide an overview covering different aspects of each pathology. With more than 1400 intraoperative images this atlas may serve as a reference for neurosurgeons dealing with spinal cord pathologies.

1. Anatomy

1.1. Cervical Spine
1.2. Thoracic Spine
1.3. Lumbar Spine and Sacrum
1.4. Spinal Meninges
1.5. Spinal Cord and Nerve Roots
2. Standard Approaches
2.1. Posterolateral Approach
2.2. Posterior Midline Approach
3. Spinal Tumors
3.1. Extradural Tumors
3.2. Extramedullary Tumors
3.3. Intramedullary Tumors
4. Malformations
4.1. Malformations at the Craniocervical Junction
4.2. Malformations in the Spinal Canal and Spinal Hamartomas
5. Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations 5.1. Surgical Technique
5.2. Cavernomas
5.3. Arteriovenous Fistulas
6. Pathologies of Spinal Meninges
6.1. Pathologies of the Spinal Dura Mater
6.2. Pathologies of the Spinal Arachnoid.