Plants, being sessile and autotrophic in nature, must cope with challenging environmental aberrations and therefore have evolved various responsive or defensive mechanisms including stress sensing mechanisms, antioxidant system, signaling pathways, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and other defensive pathways among which accumulation of osmolytes or osmo-protectants is an important phenomenon. Osmolytes with organic chemical nature termed as compatible solutes are highly soluble compounds with no net charge at physiological pH and nontoxic at higher concentrations to plant cells. Compatible solutes in plants involve compounds like proline, glycine betaine, polyamines, trehalose, raffinose family oligosaccharides, fructans, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and sugar alcohols playing structural, physiological, biochemical, and signaling roles during normal plant growth and development. The current and sustaining problems of climate change and increasing world population has challenged global food security. To feed more than 9 billion, the estimated population by 2050, the yield of major crops needs to be increased 1.1-1.3% per year, which is mainly restricted by the yield ceiling. A major factor limiting the crop yield is the changing global environmental conditions which includes drought, salinity and extreme temperatures  and are responsible for a reduction of crop yield in almost all the crop plants. This condition may worsen with a decrease in agricultural land or the loss of potential crop yields by 70%. Therefore, it is a challenging task for agricultural scientists to develop tolerant/resistant varieties against abiotic stresses. 
The development of stress tolerant plant varieties through conventional breeding is very slow due to complex multigene traits. Engineering compatible solutes biosynthesis by deciphering the mechanism behind the abiotic tolerance or accumulation in plants cell is a potential emerging strategy to mitigate adverse effects of abiotic stresses and increase global crop production. However, detailed information on compatible solutes, including their sensing/signaling, biosynthesis, regulatory components, underlying biochemical mechanisms, crosstalk with other signaling pathways, and transgenic development have not been compiled into a single resource. Our book intends to fill this unmet need, with insight from recent advances in compatible solutes research on agriculturally important crop plants.

1. Recent advances in plant adaptation to climate change - An introduction to compatible solutes.- 2. Osmosensing and signaling in plants - Potential role in crop improvement under climate change.- 3. Amino acids other than proline and their participation in abiotic stress tolerance.- 4. Engineering glycine betaine biosynthesis in alleviating abiotic stress effects in plants.- 5. Improvement of abiotic stress tolerance by modulating polyamine pathway in crop plants.- 6. Engineering fructan biosynthesis against abiotic stress.- 7. The Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) towards abiotic stress tolerance.- 8. Sugar alcohols and osmotic stress adaptation in plants.- 9. Crosstalk of compatible solutes with other signalling pathways in plants.- 10. Effect and importance of compatible solutes in plant growth promotion under different stress conditions.- 11. Compatible solute engineering: An approach for plant growth under climate change.