Physicians often have only partial knowledge of common congenital hand and upper extremity anomalies and their associated syndromes. Surgeons typically find these syndromes to be abstruse and congenital hand conditions can represent an enigma even to pediatric geneticists. This book is designed to serve as a practical, up-to-date reference that will enable practitioners and students in a variety of disciplines to easily recognize the most common congenital upper extremity anomalies and syndromes. In total, 37 congenital upper extremity anomalies and 127 syndromes are discussed. Salient and common presenting features are described in detail and illustrated with the aid of high-quality digital color photographs whenever possible. In addition, relevant background information is included on such aspects as prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis and findings elsewhere in the body.

Introduction: Limb Development

Classification of Congenital Hand Differences
Epidemiology of Congenital Hand Differences. Tumors/Disseminated: Multiple enchondromas
Multiple osteochondromas
Multiple neurofibromas
Vascular malformations
Congenital joint contracture
Congenital joint laxity/instability. Elbow: Radial head dislocation
Elbow synostosis. Forearm/Wrist: Radial deficiency
Ulnar deficiency
Phocomelia (segmental deficiency)
Amelia / hemimelia (transverse deficiency, congenital amputation)
Mesomelis / Rhizomelia
Madelung's deformity
Ulnar dimelia (mirror hand)
Carpal synostosis. Hand: Cleft hand
Congenital ulnar drift (Windblown hand)
Brachymetacarpia. Thumb: Thumb hypoplasia
Triphalangeal thumb
Preaxial (radial) polydactyly
Congenital clasped thumb. Digits: Clinodactyly
Syndactyly
Brachydactyly
Macrodactyly
Postaxial (ulnar) polydactyly
Five-fingered hand
Congenital middle finger in palm
Symbrachydactyly
Camptodactyly
Arachnodactyly
Congenital nail dysplasia. Miscellaneous: Amniotic constriction band.