This text addresses the current levels of evidence for management of a variety of critical parameters after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as providing the reader with practical approaches to care based upon existing evidence.  A broad range of topics is included, ranging from specific critical care approaches to TBI to broader questions of prognostication and philosophies of treatment. Critical care topics include, for example: the type, timing, and safety of DVT prophylaxis; the choice of sedative agents in brain-injured patients; the practical application of multimodality neuromonitoring for prevention of secondary insults and injury; and the optimal treatment of dysautonomia. Broad approaches to treatment will include concepts such as: organization of trauma systems to maximize outcomes; end-of-life decision-making with incomplete data on prognosis; the use of medications to enhance recovery in the post-acute phase, and utilizing brain-machine interfaces forthe restoration of function after injury. Written by experts in the field, each chapter is organized by proposal of a commonly encountered clinical question, addressing the current evidence for a variety of treatments, outlining the relevant questions on the topic that have not been adequately addressed in the literature, summarizing the options for treatment and the level of evidence upon which each is based, and finally proposing questions yet to be addressed in the literature. The text identifies in each chapter the ongoing questions for future research relevant to the topic at hand as well as providing a comprehensive educational reference for resident and fellowship training. 

Pre-Hospital Transportation and Optimal Utilization of Resources

To Treat or Not to Treat: Early Withdrawal of Therapy and the Limits of Prognostic Ability
Use of Multimodality Neuromonitoring in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Choice of Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Modality: Parenchymal Monitor vs. Parenchymal Monitor with Brain Tissue Oxygen Monitor vs. External Ventricular Drain
Oxygen Management and Prevention of Cerebral Ischemia
What is the Optimal Sedative Regimen in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients?
Fluid and Electrolyte Management: Hyperosmolar Euvolemia and the Use of Hypertonic Saline for Intracranial Hypertension
Pituitary and Other Hormonal Derangements in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Management to Optimal Parameters: Euboxia?
Nutrition: Time to Revisit?
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Treatment Options and Controversies
Treatment of Anemia
Timing of Extracerebral Operations in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Optimal Treatment of Dysautonomia
Use of Consciousness-Enhancing Medications in the Traumatic Brain Injury Patient
Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Face of Antithrombotic Medication Therapy
Use of Guidelines in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Functional Neurosurgery for Sequelae of Traumatic Brain Injury
The Future of Clinical Trials in Traumatic Brain Injury
Who's My Doctor? Team-Based Management.