1;Contents;5 2;List of Contributors;11 3;Part I Bonding to Enamel;13 3.1;1 Etched Enamel Structure and Topography: Interface with Materials;14 3.1.1;Introduction ;14 3.1.2;The Enamel Smear Layer: A Potential Problem in Bonding to Cut Enamel;17 3.1.3;Application of Total-Etch Adhesives to Enamel ;19 3.1.4;Application of Self-Etch Adhesives/Resin Cement to Enamel ;25 3.1.5;Interaction of Glass Ionomer-Based Materials with Enamel ;34 3.1.6;Conclusion ;37 3.1.7;References ;38 3.2;2 Bonding of Resinous Materials on Primary Enamel;45 3.2.1;Introduction ;45 3.2.2;Primary Enamel ;45 3.2.3;Enamel Cleaning ;46 3.2.4;Enamel Conditioning ;47 3.2.5;Clinical Results ;57 3.2.6;References ;58 3.3;3 Bond Strength to Enamel;62 3.3.1;Introduction ;62 3.3.2;Measurement of Bond Strength ;62 3.3.3;Experimental Models for Evaluating Bond Strength ;65 3.3.4;Variables Affecting In Vitro Bond Strength ;66 3.3.5;Bonding to Enamel: In Vivo Studies ;74 3.3.6;References ;76 3.4;4 Orthodontic Bonding to Wet Enamel with Water-Insensitive and Water-Activated Orthodontic Adhesive Resins;79 3.4.1;Introduction ;79 3.4.2;Approaches in Assessing the Efficiency of Orthodontic Adhesives Systems;80 3.4.3;Wet-Enamel Adhesives ;84 3.4.4;Effect of Water and Contaminants on Orthodontic Adhesive Resins;88 3.4.5;References ;91 4;Part II Bonding to Dentine;94 4.1;5 Bonding to Dentin: Smear Layer and the Process of Hybridization;95 4.1.1;Introduction ;95 4.1.2;Dentin Substrate: Smear Layer ;96 4.1.3;Interfaces and Hybridization ;106 4.1.4;References ;122 4.2;6 In Situ Photo-Polymerisation and Polymerisation-Shrinkage Phenomena;129 4.2.1;Introduction ;129 4.2.2;Potential Clinical Consequences of Shrinkage Phenomena ;129 4.2.3;Clinical Management of Shrinkage Phenomena ;131 4.2.4;Light Sources for Photo-Polymerisation of Dental Biomaterials ;131 4.2.5;Further Variables with Light Sources ;134 4.2.6;Radiometry: Irradiance (Radiant Incidence and Radiant Exitance) and Total Energy Concept;134 4.2.7;Light Penetration into and Through Oral Biomaterials ;135 4.2.8;Photo-Initiators for Free-Radical and Cationic Polymerisation ;137 4.2.9;Camphorquinone ;138 4.2.10;1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione ;139 4.2.11;Photon Numbers and Photo-Initiation ;140 4.2.12;Extent of Polymerisation ;141 4.2.13;Thermal and Spectroscopic Probes ;141 4.2.14;Development of Mechanical Properties ;143 4.2.15;General Polymerisation Mechanism for Light-Activated Monomers;143 4.2.16;Steady-State Hypotheses ;144 4.2.17;Polymerisation Kinetics of Light-Activated Resin Composites ;144 4.2.18;Rate of Polymerisation ;145 4.2.19;Normal Termination Model ;145 4.2.20;Auto-Acceleration ;146 4.2.21;Definitions of Polymerisation Shrinkage Phenomena ;147 4.2.22;Generation of Stresses in Different Cavity Configurations (C-Factor);148 4.2.23;Measurement of Shrinkage Strain ;149 4.2.24;Kinetics of Shrinkage Strain ;150 4.2.25;and Shrinkage Strain ;151 4.2.26;Relationship Between;151 4.2.27;Theoretical Relationship Between Conversion and Shrinkage Strain;151 4.2.28;Experimental Correlations between;152 4.2.29;and Shrinkage-Strain Magnitudes;152 4.2.30;Network Variables Beyond;153 4.2.31;Measurement of Shrinkage-Stress Kinetics ;153 4.2.32;Scientific Management of Shrinkage Phenomena ;154 4.2.33;Conclusion ;155 4.2.34;References ;155 4.3;7 Bonding in Prosthodontics with Cements;161 4.3.1;Introduction ;161 4.3.2;Luting Cements ;162 4.3.3;Bonding to Tooth Structure ;165 4.3.4;Bonding to Ceramic ;167 4.3.5;Bonding to Pre-Processed Composite Restorations ;171 4.3.6;Biological Considerations ;172 4.3.7;Mechanical Considerations ;172 4.3.8;Esthetic Considerations ;174 4.3.9;Value of the Bond Strength Test ;175 4.3.10;References ;176 5;Part III Bonding to Cementum;180 5.1;8 Composition and Structure of Cementum: Strategies for Bonding;181 5.1.1;Introduction ;181 5.1.2;Developmental and Structural Aspects;182 5.1.3;Biochemistry of Mature Cementum ;186 5.1.4;Cementum in Health and Disease ;187 5.1.5;Strategies for Bonding to Root Dental Structu