This book provides a comprehensive overview of difficult decisions encountered within endocrine surgery. Brief uniformly formatted chapters are devoted to answering specific questions relevant to a range of topics across endocrine surgery based upon detailed analysis of available evidence.Topics covered include clinical decision analysis, decision making from the surgeon's and patient's perspective, using surgery as opposed to observation for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, and the use of parathyroid cryopreservation. 
Difficult Decisions in Endocrine Surgery: An Evidence-Based Approach features a wealth of information on ideal approaches for making clinical decisions in selected clinical situations. It is an important and timely resource for all endocrine surgical trainees, fellows, practitioners, educators, and healthcare providers involved in the management of these patients. 

Evidence-based Medicine and the GRADE Approach.- Clinical Decision Analysis.- Decision Making from the Surgeon's Perspective.- Decision Making from the Patient's Perspective.- Surgery Versus Active Surveillance for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.- Prospective Screening Protocol for FNMTC Family Members: Ultrasound Versus Physical Examination.- Operative Management Versus Observation for Thyroid Nodules Larger than 4 cm with Benign Cytology.- Lobectomy Versus Total Thyroidectomy for Follicular Microcarcinomas.- Initial Total Thyroidectomy Versus Lobectomy with Intraoperative Frozen Section for Thyroid Nodules that are "Suspicious for PTC".- Primary Repair Versus No Repair for Transected Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve.- Surgery Versus Observation for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma.- First-line Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Operation Versus Medical Management.- Same-Day Versus Overnight Inpatient Surgery for Total Thyroidectomy.- Prophylactic Versus Selective Central Neck Dissection in Pediatric Papillary Thyroid Cancer.- Subtotal Parathyroidectomy Versus Total Parathyroidectomy with Autotransplantation for Patients with MEN-1 and Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Four-Gland Exploration versus 4D Computed Tomography in Patients with Nonlocalized Primary Hyperparathyroidism.- Lymph Node Dissection Versus No Lymph Node Dissection for Parathyroid Cancer.- Early Versus Late Parathyroidectomy for Tertiary (Posttransplant) Hyperparathyroidism.- Observation Versus Surgery for Pregnant Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Four-gland Exploration Versus Focused Parathyroidectomy for Hyperparathyroidism Jaw Tumor Syndrome.- Long-Term Success of Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Versus Four-Gland Exploration.- The Evidence For and Against Parathyroid Cryopreservation: Should We Continue to Promote Parathyroid Cryopreservation?.- Should Antibiotic Prophylaxis Be Given Prior to Thyroidectomy or Parathyroidectomy?.- The Value of Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Cases that are Localized.- Transperitoneal Versus Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy.- Bilateral Adrenalectomy Versus Medical Management for Cushing's Syndrome with Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia.- Routine Screening for Primary Hyperaldosteronism in Hypertensive Patients: Yes or No?.- Routine Glucose Monitoring in Postoperative Pheochromocytoma Patients: Yes or No?.- Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Management of Malignant Pheochromocytoma.-  Alpha Blocker Versus Calcium Channel Blocker for Pheochromocytoma.- Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Therapy for Recurrent Adrenocortical Carcinoma.- Resection Versus Observation for Adrenal Gland Metastasis.- Routine Versus Selective Adrenal Vein Sampling for Primary Aldosteronism.- Surgery Versus Observationfor Asymptomatic Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.- Routine Lymph Node Dissection Versus Duodenal Inspection Alone for the Treatment of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 Patients with Hypergastrinemia.- Resection Versus Chemotherapy for Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas.- Observation Versus Surgery for Nonlocalized Insulinoma.