This volume contains the main papers presented at the 1997 EUROTOX Congress, Århus, Denmark, 24-28 June 1997. Diversification in toxicology is seen as the application of basic science to such diverse areas as man and his environment. The pressing issues which have been dealt with not only include reproductive effects of environmental chemicals ("xenoestrogens"), but also receptor-mediated toxic responses, new frontiers in human and ecological toxicology, chemoprevention of cancer and molecular approaches in toxicological research. The practical and ethical facets of toxicology, e.g. ecotoxicological risk assessment, biomarkers of exposure, complex chemical mixtures as well as animal welfare and the ethics of animal experimentation, are also treated.

The Gerhard Zbinden Memorial Lecture

Molecular Basis of Halothane Hepatitis
Plenary Lecture
Receptor-Mediated Toxicity
Animals as Models in Toxicology: Animal Welfare and Ethics
Animal Burdens versus Human Benefits - How Should the Ethical Limits be Drawn for Use of Animals as Models in Toxicology?
Behavior of Laboratory Animals under Unnatural Conditions
The Impact of Stress and Discomfort on Experimental Outcome
Priorities in the Development of Alternative Methodologies in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Development and Strategic Use of Alternative Tests in Assessing the Hazard of Chemicals
Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment
Soil Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment: How to Find Avenues in a Pitch Dark Labyrinth
Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Endocrine Disruptors in the Aquatic Environment: A Biomarker Approach
Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Reproduction
Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of Persistent Environmental Pollutants
Effects of the In Vitro Chemical Environment During Early Embryogenesis on Subsequent Development
Influence of Hormones and Hormone Antagonists on Sexual Differentiation of the Brain
Reproductive Effects from Oestrogen Activity in Polluted Water
Effects of Chemical-Induced DNA Damage on Male Germ Cells
Biomarkers of Exposure
Animal Locomotor Behaviour as a Health Biomarker of Chemical Stress
Markers of Exposure to Aromatic Amines and Nitro-PAH
Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Pollution-Exposed Mice
Current Molecular Approaches in Toxicology
Detection of Low Levels of DNA Damage Arising from Exposure of Humans to Chemical Carcinogens
Chemoprevention
Natural Antioxidants in Chemoprevention
Development of In Vitro Models for Cellular and Molecular Studies inToxicology andChemoprevention
Bioavailability and Health Effects of Dietary Flavonols in Man
Epidemiological Studies on Antioxidants, Lipid Peroxidation and Atherosclerosis
Regulatory Immunotoxicology: The Scientist's Point of View
Regulatory Immunotoxicology - The Scientist's Point of View: An Introduction
Contact and Respiratory Allergy: A Regulatory Perspective
Immunotoxicology: Extrapolation from. Animal to Man - Estimation of the In munotoxicologic Risk Associated with TBTO Exposure
Regulating Immunotoxicity Evaluation: Issues and Needs
Novel Issues of Risk Assessment of Chemical Carcinogens
Biomarkers in Metabolic Subtyping - Relevance for Environmental Cancer Control
Assessment of Animal Tumour Promotion Data for the Human Situation
Use of Transgenic Mutational Test Systems in Risk Assessment of Carcinogens
Assessing Toxicological Impacts in Life Cycle Assessment
Complex Mixtures
Risk Asssessment for Complex Chemical Exposure in Aquatic Systems: The Problem of Estimating Interactive Effects
Exposure of Humans to Complex Chemical Mixtures: Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment
Receptor Mediated Toxic Responses
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Alpha and the Pleiotropic Responses to Peroxisome Proliferators
Excitotoxicity in the Brain
New Frontiers in Human and Ecological Toxicology: Determining Genetic vs. Environmental Causes of Susceptibility
Variability in the Response of Daphnia Clones to Toxic Substances: Are Safety Margins Being Compromised?
Sources and Implications of Variability in Sensitivity to Chemicals for Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment
Polymorphism in Glutathione S-Transferase Loci as a Risk Factor for Common Cancers
Population Responses to Contaminant Exposure in Marine Animals: Influences ofGenetic Diversity Measured as Allozyme Polymorphism
Extrahepatic Metabolism in Target Organ Toxicity
The Use of Transgenic Animals to Assess the Role of Metabolism in Target Organ Toxicity
Extrahepatic Cytochrome P450: Role in In Situ Toxicity and Cell-Specific Hormone Sensitivity
Expression of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Cyto chrome P450s in Human Pulmonary Tissues
Comparison of GST Theta Activity in Liver and Kidney of Four Species
The Young Scientist Poster Award
Haloalkene Conjugate Toxicity: The Role of Human Renal Cysteine Conjugate C-S Lyase.