1;Preface;5 2;Contents;8 3;Part I Fundamentals;14 3.1;Passive and Active Drug Targeting: Drug Delivery to Tumors as an Example;15 3.1.1;Drug Targeting: General Considerations;16 3.1.2;Concepts of Passive and Active Targeting;18 3.1.3;Pharmaceutical Carriers: Liposomes and Micelles as Examples;22 3.1.4;Chemistry Used to Provide Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers with Various Functions;27 3.1.5;Longevity of Nanocarriers in the Blood and its Importance for Drug Delivery;29 3.1.6;Passive Accumulation of Liposomes and Micelles in Tumors;33 3.1.7;Active Tumor Targeting with Drug-Loaded Liposomes;38 3.1.8;Active Tumor Targeting with Drug-Loaded Micelles;45 3.1.9;Conclusion;47 3.1.10;References;48 3.2;Nanoparticle Technologies for Cancer Therapy;66 3.2.1;Introduction;67 3.2.2;Nanoparticle Technologies;70 3.2.2.1;Liposome Nanoparticles;72 3.2.2.2;Polymer-Drug Conjugates Nanoparticles;73 3.2.2.3;Polymeric Nanoparticles;74 3.2.2.4;Micelle Nanoparticles;75 3.2.2.5;Dendrimer Nanoparticles;76 3.2.2.6;Polymersome Nanoparticles;77 3.2.2.7;Protein Nanoparticles;77 3.2.2.8;Biological Nanoparticles;78 3.2.2.9;Inorganic Nanoparticles;78 3.2.2.10;Hybrid Nanoparticles;80 3.2.3;Strategies for Cancer Therapy Using Nanoparticles;81 3.2.3.1;Metastatic Cancer;81 3.2.3.2;Non-Targeted Nanoparticles;82 3.2.3.3;Targeted Nanoparticles;85 3.2.4;Summary;87 3.2.5;References;88 3.3;Biosensing and Drug Delivery at the Microscale;98 3.3.1;Progress and Challenges in Controlled Drug Delivery;99 3.3.2;Polymer Actuator for Controlled Drug Delivery;101 3.3.3;Complex Drug Releasing Systems for Synchronous Drug Delivery;103 3.3.4;A Novel Nanoscale Valve Responding to pH Changes May Allow a Targeted Drug Release;104 3.3.5;pH-Responsive Supramolecular Nano-valves;105 3.3.6;Electronically Controlled ``Smart´´ Pill;106 3.3.7;Novel Micro- and Nano-Mechanical Drug Delivery Implants;108 3.3.8;Highlights in Micro-Machined Biosensing Drug Delivery Devices;111 3.3.9;Novel Technological Challenges in Drug Delivery - Nano-Micro-Implants;114 3.3.10;Novel Aspects of Electronically Controlled Drug Delivery Systems;116 3.3.11;Biosensing of Drug Delivery in In Vitro Tissue Models;118 3.3.12;Biosensing of Drug Delivery In Vivo - Microelectrodes in Endoluminal Sensors;119 3.3.13;References;121 4;Part II Devices;124 4.1;Lipid Nanoparticles: Effect on Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Changes;125 4.1.1;Introduction;127 4.1.2;Definition of Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN vs. NLC);128 4.1.2.1;Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN);131 4.1.2.2;Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC);132 4.1.3;Effects of Lipid Polymorphism on API Bioavailability;133 4.1.4;Lipid Nanoparticles Applications;135 4.1.4.1;Oral Delivery;135 4.1.4.2;Pulmonary Delivery;138 4.1.4.3;Parenteral Delivery and Drug Distribution;140 4.1.4.4;Brain Targeting;141 4.1.5;Conclusions and Perspectives;144 4.1.6;References;144 4.2;Viral Vectors for Gene Transfer: Current Status of Gene Therapeutics;152 4.2.1;Gene Therapy: Definition and State of the Art;154 4.2.2;AAV Vectors for Gene Therapy;156 4.2.2.1;Overview of Properties;156 4.2.2.2;AAV Structure;157 4.2.2.3;AAV Life Cycle;157 4.2.2.4;Cell Receptors Used by AAV;158 4.2.2.5;AAV Vector Production;158 4.2.2.5.1;AAV Vector Production by Cotransfection of Packaging Plasmids;158 4.2.2.5.2;Upscaling of AAV Vector Production;159 4.2.2.5.3;AAV Vector Purification;161 4.2.2.5.4;Quantification of AAV Vector Yields;162 4.2.2.6;AAV Vector Persistence and Safety;163 4.2.2.7;AAV Split Vectors;164 4.2.2.8;Dimeric, Self-Complementary (sc) AAV Vectors;164 4.2.2.9;Cell Targeting Strategies for AAV;165 4.2.2.10;Future Directions;166 4.2.3;Retrovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy;166 4.2.3.1;Retrovirus Structure and Life Cycle;167 4.2.3.2;Design and Development of Oncoretroviral Vectors;167 4.2.3.3;Self-Inactivating (SIN) Oncoretroviral Vectors;168 4.2.3.4;Design and Development of Lentiviral Vectors;170 4.2.3.5;Safety of Retrovirus Integration;171 4.2.3.6;Production and Stability of Retroviral Vectors;172 4.2.3.7;Purification a