Dural cavernous sinus fistulas (DCSFs) are benign vascular diseases consisting in an arteriovenous shunt at the cavernous sinus that if misdiagnosed can lead to potentially serious ophthalmologic complications. This volume provides a complete guide to the diagnosis and minimal invasive treatment of DCSFs. After sections on anatomy and classification, etiology and pathogenesis of DCSFs, the symptomatology of the disease is described in detail. The role of modern imaging techniques in the diagnosis of DCSFs is then addressed. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard for clinical decision-making; here, full consideration is given to both, conventional 2D DSA and rotational 3D angiography. Recent technological advances in this field such as Dual Volume (DV) imaging and angiographic computed tomography (ACT) are considered as well. Due attention is further paid to the use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound. Finally, the therapeutic management of DCSFs with emphasis on various transvenous occlusion techniques are discussed in depth. This well-illustrated volume will be invaluable to all who may encounter DCSF in their clinical practice.

Introduction

Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus: Osseous Anatomy
Dura Mater.-Vascular Anatomy
Cranial Nerves
Classification of Cavernous Sinus Fistulas (CSF) and Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas (DAVF). - Etiology and Pathogenesis of Dural Cavernous Sinus Fistulas (DCSF)
Neuroophthalmology: Extraorbital Ocular Symptoms
Orbital Pain
Orbital Symptoms
Other Neurological Symptoms
Radiological diagnosis of DSCF: Imaging Techniques (CT, MRI, US)
Conventional Intraarterial Angiography (CA)
Hemodynamic Considerations: General Hemodynamic Aspects
Hemodynamics in DCSF
Treatment of DSCF: Conservative Treatment
Manual Compression.-Spontaneous Thrombosis
Surgical Treatment and Radiotherapy
Endovascular Treatment
Subject Index.