1;Preface;6 2;Table of Contents;7 3;World-Wide Review;14 3.1;Development of Chinese Electrostatic Precipitator Technology;15 3.1.1;1 INTRODUCTION;15 3.1.2;2 DEVELOPMENT;16 3.1.2.1;2.1 ESP;16 3.1.2.1.1;2.1.1 Lentoid ESP;16 3.1.2.1.2;2.1.2 Tubular ESP;16 3.1.2.1.3;2.1.3 Cylinder ESP;17 3.1.2.1.4;2.1.4 Roof ESP;17 3.1.2.1.5;2.1.5 Five-fields ESP;17 3.1.2.1.6;2.1.6 High concentration dust removal with ESP;18 3.1.2.1.7;2.1.7 Application of ESP in machines and electricity with multimode and double-zone;18 3.1.2.1.8;2.1.8 Electromagnetism ESP;18 3.1.2.1.9;2.1.9 Steel brush ESP;19 3.1.2.1.10;2.1.10 P-FF hybrid precipitator;19 3.1.2.2;2.2 Power Source Technology;19 3.1.2.2.1;2.2.1 High Frequency High Voltage Rectifier;19 3.1.2.2.2;2.2.2 Three phases silicon-rectification power source;20 3.1.2.2.3;2.2.3 Three phases intermediate frequency DC high voltage power source;20 3.1.2.2.4;2.2.4 LC HVDC current power source;21 3.1.2.2.5;2.2.5 Development of plasma source;21 3.1.2.2.6;2.2.6 High frequency inverse DC (rectangle characteristic) power supply;22 3.1.2.3;2.3 Associated Equipment and Technology;22 3.1.2.3.1;2.3.1 Tailong 95 ceramics;22 3.1.2.3.2;2.3.2 SQ series sound wave dust removal;22 3.1.3;3 OUTLOOKS;23 3.2;Multi-pollutants Simultaneous Removals from Flue Gas;24 3.2.1;1 INTRODUCTION;24 3.2.2;2 PLASMA MULTI-POLLUTANTS FLUE GAS CLEAN- ING TECHNOLOGY;25 3.2.2.1;2.1 Plasma Devices;25 3.2.2.2;2.2 The cRS Multi-pollutants Simultaneous Removal;25 3.2.2.3;2.3 The CRS System of Ammonia as the Additional Gas;26 3.2.2.4;2.4 The CRS System of Oxygen as Additional Gas;27 3.2.3;3 SEMI-DRY MULTI-POLLUTANTS FLUE GAS CLEANING TECHNOLOGY;27 3.2.3.1;3.1 Multi-stage Humidifier;27 3.2.3.2;3.2 Additive with Multi-components and High Activity;28 3.2.3.3;3.3 Simultaneous Removal Using Semi-dry Flue Gas Cleaning Technology;28 3.2.4;4 CONCLUSIONS;30 3.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;30 3.2.6;REFERENCES;30 3.3;Some Technical Idea Evolutions Concerned with Electrostatic Precipitators in China;31 3.3.1;1 GAS VELOCITY IN ESP, V;31 3.3.2;2 FIELD HIGHT, H;32 3.3.3;3 DUST CLEANING FROM COLLECTING ELEC- TRODES;32 3.3.4;4 ENERGIZATION CONTROL MODES;33 3.3.4.1;4.1 Constant Voltage Control (CVC);33 3.3.4.2;4.2 Constant Current Control (CCC);34 3.3.4.3;4.3 Spark (Rate) Control (SRC);34 3.3.5;5 SELECTION OF T/R;35 3.3.5.1;5.1 Sizing of T/R;35 3.3.5.2;5.2 Importance of Impedance;35 3.3.6;6 THREE PHASE T/R;36 3.3.7;7 ESP FOR CFB BOILER;36 3.3.8;8 ESP FOR ORIMULSION® COMBUSTION;36 3.3.8.1;8.1 Orimulsion®;36 3.3.8.2;8.2 Injection of Ammonia;37 3.3.8.3;8.3 Zhanjiang Power Plant of Guangdong Province;37 3.3.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;37 3.3.10;REFERENCES;38 3.4;Enhancement of Collection Efficiencies of Electrostatic Precipitators: Indian Experiments;39 3.4.1;1 INTRODUCTION;39 3.4.2;2 THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND POLLUTION CONTROLS IN INDIA;40 3.4.3;3 STATUS OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS IN INDIA;40 3.4.4;4 INVESTIGATIONS;43 3.4.4.1;4.1 Particulate Reduction Using Intermittent Charging;43 3.4.4.2;4.2 Experiments Related with Sodium Conditioning;44 3.4.4.3;4.3 Water Fogging Experiments;45 3.4.4.4;4.4 Efficiency Improvement using Ammonia Dosing;45 3.4.5;5 CONCLUSIONS;46 3.4.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;46 3.4.7;REFERENCES;46 4;Fundamentals and Mechanical Design;47 4.1;Modeling Mercury Capture within ESPs: Continuing Development and Validation;48 4.1.1;1 INTRODUCTION;48 4.1.2;2 METHODOLOGY;49 4.1.3;3 RESULTS;50 4.1.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;54 4.1.5;REFERENCES;54 4.2;Reduction of Rapping Losses to Improve ESP Performance;56 4.2.1;1 INTRODUCTION;56 4.2.2;2 SYSTEM DESIGN;57 4.2.3;3 GAS DISTRIBUTION MODELING;58 4.2.4;4 LABORATORY TESTING;58 4.2.5;5 FIELD DEMONSTRATIONS;59 4.2.6;6 SYSTEM INSPECTION AND EVALUATION;60 4.2.7;7 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;60 4.2.8;REFERENCES;60 4.3;Advanced Risk Analysis for the Application of ESP-s to Clean Flammable Gas-pollutant Mixtures;61 4.3.1;1 INTRODUCTION;61 4.3.2;2 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS;61 4.3.3;3 APPLICATION OF FAULT TREE ANALYSIS FOR ESP-S;62 4.3.4;4 DECISION MAKING BASED ON THE FUZZY