1;Preface;5 2;Contents;7 3;Chapter 1 Natural and Anthropogenic Environmental Problems;13 3.1;Summary;13 3.2;1 Introduction;13 3.3;2 Natural Environmental Problems;14 3.4;3 Remediation of Environmental Problems;30 3.5;4. Rules for addressing environmental problems;31 4;Chapter 2 Restoration of lignite mining sites in the former GDR: lessons to be learnt from Zwenkau;33 4.1;Summary;33 4.2;1 Introduction;33 4.3;2 Methods;35 4.4;3 Results and Discussion;36 4.5;4 Technical Conclusion;43 4.6;5 A Legacy for the Future?;44 5;Chapter 3 Carbon Dioxide Development and the Influence of Rising Groundwater in the Cospuden/ Zwenkau Dump: Observations and Inferences;45 5.1;Summary;45 5.2;1 Introduction;46 5.3;2 Methods and Measurements;47 5.4;3 Discussion and Conclusions;57 6;Chapter 4 Carbon Dioxide Development and the Influence of Rising Groundwater in the Cospuden/ Zwenkau Dump: Quantitative Models;60 6.1;Summary;60 6.2;1 Introduction;60 6.3;2 Quantitative Methods;65 6.4;3 Model Behaviors;66 6.5;4 Discussion and Conclusions;74 6.6;Appendix 1.Carbon Dioxide Program;76 7;Chapter 5 Environmental and Economic Risks from Sinkholes in West- Central Florida;77 7.1;Summary;77 7.2;1 Introduction;77 7.3;2 Sinkhole Formation and Occurrence;78 7.4;3 Housing Densities and Economic Risk;84 7.5;4 Putting Sinkhole Events in Perspective;88 8;Chapter 6 Risks of Damage from Flooding Rivers: Correla-tion of Weakened Dyke Structures?;90 8.1;Summary;90 8.2;1 Introduction;90 8.3;2 Damage and Probability;91 8.4;3 Modifications to the Independent versus Correlated Situations.;94 8.5;4 Uncertainties and Correlations;97 8.6;5 Discussion and Conclusion;103 9;Chapter 7 Biological Remediation of Environmentally Contaminated Water;105 9.1;Summary;105 9.2;1 Introduction;105 9.3;2 Quantitative Steady-State Models in One Dimension;107 9.4;3 Illustrative Patterns of Behavior;119 9.5;4 Comparison with Observations at the Organic Deposi-tory, Halle- Kanena.;123 9.6;5 Uncertainty and Sensitivity;129 9.7;6 Discussion and Conclusion;132 9.8;Appendix 1. Solutions of Equation (7.12b).;133 9.9;Appendix 2. Solutions of Equation (7.19b).;134 10;Chapter 8 Heavy Metal Contamination Removal by Bacterial Activity in Seeping Depositories;136 10.1;Summary;136 10.2;1 Introduction;136 10.3;2 Quantitative Development;138 10.4;3 East German Case History: Observations at the Organic Depository, Halle- Kanena.;146 10.5;4 Discussion and Conclusion;156 11;Chapter 9 Quantitative Risks of Death and Sickness from Toxic Contamination: General Population;157 11.1;Summary;157 11.2;1 Introduction;157 11.3;2 Toxic Model Construction;161 11.4;3 Numerical Illustrations of Deterministic Toxic Sickness and Death Rates;162 11.5;4 Uncertainty and Risking of Toxic Hazard Death and Sickness Rates;173 11.6;5 Discussion and Conclusion;196 11.7;APPENDIX A APPROXIMATE RISK MEASURES;198 11.8;APPENDIX B SOME PROPERTIES OF A LOG NORMAL DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION DISTRIBUTION;204 11.9;APPENDIX C RELATIVE IMPORTANCE, RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION, AND RELATIVE SENSITIVITY DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS DEFINITIONS;209 11.10;APPENDIX D EXCEL PROGRAM FOR TOXIC DEATH AND SICKNESS CALCULATIONS;213 12;Chapter 10 Quantitative Risks of Death and Sickness from Toxic Contamination: Age- Dependent Toxic Sickness/ Death Exposure Limits;217 12.1;Summary;217 12.2;1 Introduction;217 12.3;2 Specific TAC and CSC Effects for One Toxic Mate-rial/ Multiple Illnesses.;219 12.4;3 Age, Population Distribution and Gender Effects;226 12.5;4 Relative Importance of Hazards and Risks;232 12.6;5 Discussion and Conclusion;234 12.7;Appendix A. TAC and CSC Fractions Used;235 12.8;Appendix B. Minimum TAC Values marking the shift be-tween Age Groups;237 13;Chapter 11 Methods for Estimating Associated Risks of Sinkhole Occurrences with data from the Ruhr Valley Region of Germany;238 13.1;Summary;238 13.2;1 Introduction;239 13.3;2 Geological Knowledge, Statistics and Properties;242 13.4;3 Probability Estimates of Sinkhole Occurrences;250 13.5;4 Dis