This book provides a cross-sectoral, multi-scale assessment of different environmental problems via in-depth studies of the Indian subcontinent. Data collected from different ecosystems forms a strong foundation to explore the topics discussed in this book. The book investigates how mankind is presently under the appalling shadow of pollution, climate change, overpopulation and poverty. The continuing problem of pollution, loss of forests, disposal of solid waste, deterioration of environment, global warming and loss of biodiversity have made nations aware of environmental issues. Many countries are desperately trying to move away from this adverse situation through technological development and policy level approaches. Through a number of case studies the authors provide details of ground level observations of the most environmentally stressed regions in the Indian subcontinent and beyond.

<p></p><p>CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENT</p><p>Definition and Overview of Environment</p>Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources<p></p><p>Conservation of Natural Resources</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 1A: Food Products from Mangrove Associate Species: An Avenue for Alternative Livelihood and Conservation</p> <p></p><p>CHAPTER 2: CHAPTER 2: COMPONENTS OF THE EARTH</p><p>Layers of the Earth</p><p>Constructive Natural Processes</p><p>Destructive Natural Processes</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 2A: Common Types of Corals</p><p>Annexure 2B: Changing Hydrological Face of Indian Sundarban Estuary due to Super Cyclone AILA</p><p> </p><p>CHAPTER 3: EARTH AND ITS RESOURCES</p>Land Resources<p></p><p> Aquatic Resources</p><p>Over Exploitation of Resources</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 3A: Rising Nutrient Levels in Two Major Estuaries in the Indian Sundarbans: A Time Series Analysis</p><p> </p><p>CHAPTER 4: BASICS OF ECOSYSTEM</p>Definition and Overview<p></p><p>Types of Ecosystem</p><p>Energy Flow in the Ecosystem</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 4A: Damage to Fish Juvenile Community due to Wild Collection of Tiger Prawn Seeds in the Indian Sundarban Estuaries</p><p> </p><p>CHAPTER 5: MAJOR BIOCHEMICAL CYCLES</p>Hydrological Cycle<p></p><p>Major Elemental Cycles</p><p>Alteration of Biogeochemical Cycles by Human beings</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 5A: Impact of Anthropogenic Activities on Near Surface Air Temperature of Sagar Island in Indian Sundarbans</p><p> </p><p>CHAPTER 6: BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION</p>Introduction to Biodiversity<p></p><p>Threats to Biodiversity</p><p>In-situ, Ex-situ and Policy Level Approaches to Conserve Biodiversity</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 6A: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Commercially Important Fin Fishes from the Lower Gangetic Delta</p><p>Annexure 6B: Common Types of Medicinal Plants with Salient Features and Ecosystem Services</p><p> </p>CHAPTER 7: AIR POLLUTION AND ITS MITIGATION<p></p><p>Air pollution: An Overview</p><p>Effects of Air Pollution</p><p>Mitigation of Air Pollution</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 7A: Carbon Storage Potential of Urban Trees</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>CHAPTER 8: WATER POLLUTION AND ITS MITIGATION</p><p>Water Pollution: An overview</p>Effects of Water Pollution<p></p><p>Prevention and Control of Water Pollution</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 8A: Water Quality Of The River Ganga in and around the City of Kolkata during and after Goddess Durga Immersion</p>Annexure 8B: Bioaccumulation Potential of a Mangrove Associate Species, Porteresia coarctata<p></p><p> </p><p>CHAPTER 9: SOIL POLLUTION AND ITS MITIGATION</p><p>Causes of Soil pollution</p><p>Effects of Soil Pollution</p><p>Minimizing Soil Pollution through Bioremediation</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p> <p></p><p>CHAPTER 10: OIL POLLUTION</p><p>Oil Pollution: An Overview</p><p>Effects of Oil Pollution</p><p>Control of Oil Pollution</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>References</p><p> </p><p>CHAPTER 11: HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT</p><p>Population Growth Forms</p><p>Scenario of Global Population</p><p>Concept of Population Control</p><p>Take Home Messages</p>Brain Churners<p></p><p>Annexure 11A: Shrimp Feed Preparation from Seaweed</p><p>Annexure 11B: Countries, territories or areas with reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths; data as of 19 March 2020</p><p> </p><p>CHAPTER 12: CLIMATE CHANGE:  THREAT OF ERA</p>Causes of Climate Change<p></p><p>Effects of Climate Change</p><p>Mitigation of Climate Change</p><p>Take Home Messages</p><p>Brain Churners</p><p>Annexure 12A: Value Addition to Rasgulla (a Traditional Indian Sweet) through Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) Leaf Extract: An Innovative Livelihood Programme</p><p> </p><br><p></p>