This book presents specific key natural and artificial systems that are promising biocatalysts in the areas of health, agriculture, environment and energy. It provides a comprehensive account of the state of the art of these systems and outlines the significant progress made in the last decade using these systems to develop innovative, sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions.

Chapters from expert contributors explore how natural enzymes and artificial systems tackle specific targets such as: climate change, carbon footprint and economy and carbon dioxide utilisation; nitrogen footprint and fixation and nitrous oxide mitigation; hydrogen production, fuel cells and energy from bacteria; biomass transformation and production of added-value compounds, as well as biosensors development.

This book provides an important and inspiring account for the designing of new natural and artificial systems with enhanced properties, and it appeals not only to students and researchers working in the fields of energy, health, food and environment, but also to a wider audience of educated readers that are interested in these up-to-date and exciting subjects.

Chapter "Carbon Dioxide Utilisation-The Formate Route" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

A general overview of the subject

State-of-art of the utilization of natural and artificial systems in general problems that affect the human life and society
Hydrogen production (natural systems)
Hydrogen production (artificial systems)
Carbon footprint (carbon dioxide economy)
Carbon dioxide utilisation - general overview
Carbon dioxide utilisation - bioelectrochemical approaches
 Methane production
Methane oxidation
Biomass transformation and production of added-value compounds
Biocatalysis for the production of added-value compounds
Nitrogen footprint
Nitrogen fixation and agriculture
Reversing nitrogen fixation
Nitrous oxide emission under control
Oxygen splitting and photosynthesis
Enzymatic Biofuel Cells
Energy from bacteria
Interspecies Electron Transfer
Biocatalysis and pharmaceuticals
Proteins, peptides and enzymes in our lives.