The book is an on-the-spot reference for residents and medical students seeking diagnostic radiology fast facts. Its question-and-answer format makes it a perfect quick-reference for personal review and studying for board examinations and re-certification. Readers can read the text from cover to cover to gain a general foundation of knowledge that can be built upon through practice or can use choice chapters to review a specific subspecialty before starting a new rotation or joining a new service. With hundreds of high-yield questions and answer items, this resource addresses both general and subspecialty topics and provides accurate, on-the-spot answers. Sections are organized by subspecialty and body area, including chest, abdomen, and trauma, and chapters cover the anatomy, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, hallmark signs, and image features of major diseases and conditions. Key example images and illustrations enhance the text throughout and provide an ideal, pocket-sized resource for residents and medical students.

Introduction

SECTION I: Imaging Modalities
Radiography
Computed Tomography
Ultrasonography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fluoroscopy
Nuclear Medicine
SECTION II: Chest
Technical adequacy of chest radiograph
The Normal Frontal Chest Radiograph
Normal Pulmonary Vasculature
The Normal Lateral Chest Radiograph
Normal CT Anatomy of the Chest
Normal CT Anatomy of the Lungs
The Fissures
Classifying Parenchymal Lung Disease
Characteristics of Airspace Disease
Some Causes of Airspace Disease
Characteristics of Interstitial Lung Disease
Some Causes of Interstitial Lung Disease
Atelectasis of the Entire Lung
Massive Pleural Effusion
Pneumonia of an Entire Lung
Post-pneumonectomy
What is Atelectasis?
Types of Atelectasis
Patterns of Collapse in Lobar Atelectasis
How Atelectasis Resolves
Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space
Modalities for Detecting Pleural Effusions
Causes of Pleural Effusions
Types of Pleural Effusions
Side-Specificity of Pleural Effusions
General Characteristics of Pneumonia
Patterns of Pneumonia
Lobar Pneumonia
Segmental Pneumonia (Bronchopneumonia)
Interstitial Pneumonia
Round Pneumonia
Cavitary Pneumonia
Aspiration
Localizing Pneumonia
How Pneumonia Resolves
Pneumothorax
Pneumomediastinum
Pneumopericardium
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Endotracheal and Tracheostomy Tubes
Intravascular Catheters
Cardiac Devices-Pacemaker, AICD, IABP
GI Tubes and Lines-Nasogastric Tubes, Feeding Tubes
Esophagus
Mediastinal Masses
Anterior Mediastinum
Middle Mediastinal Masses
Posterior Mediastinal Masses
Solitary Nodule/Mass in the Lung
Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Metastatic Neoplasms in the Lung
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Blebs and Bullae, Cysts and Cavities
Bronchiectasis
Normal Cardiac CT Anatomy
Uses of Cardiac CT
Cardiac MRI
Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette
Pericardial Effusion
Extra-cardiac Causesof Apparent Cardiac Enlargement
Identifying Cardiac Enlargement on an AP Chest Radiograph
Cardiomegaly on the Lateral Chest Radiograph
Non-cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema-General Considerations
Non-cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema-Imaging Findings
Differentiating Cardiac from Non-cardiac Pulmonary Edema
Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease
Mitral Stenosis
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Aortic Stenosis
Cardiomyopathy
Aortic Aneurysms-General Considerations
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Thoracic Aortic Dissection
Coronary Artery Disease
SECTION III: Abdomen
Conventional Radiography
What to Look For
Normal Bowel Gas Pattern
Normal Fluid Levels
Differentiating Large from Small Bowel
Acute Abdominal Series: the Views and What They Show
Calcifications
Organomegaly
Abdominal CT: General Considerations
Abnormal Gas Patterns
Laws of the Gut
Functional Ileus: Localized Sentinel Loops
Functional Ileus: Generalized Adynamic Ileus
Mechanical Obstruction:Small Bowel Obstruction
Mechanical Obstruction: Large Bowel Obstruction (LBO)
Volvulus of the Colon
Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome)
Signs of Free Intraperitoneal Air
Air Beneath the Diaphragm
Visualization of Both Sides of the Bowel Wall
Visualization of the Falciform Ligament
Causes of Free Air
Signs of Extra-peritoneal Air (Retroperitoneal Air)
Causes of Extra-peritoneal Air
Signs of Air in the Bowel Wall
Causes and Significance of Air in the Bowel Wall
Signs of Air in the Biliary System
Causes of Air in the Biliary System
Stomach and Duodenum
Duodenal Ulcer
Small and Large Bowel
Large Bowel
Pancreas
Hepatobiliary Abnormalities
Space-Occupying Lesions of the Liver
Biliary System
Urinary Tract
Pelvis
Urinary Bladder
Adenopathy
SECTION IV: Calcifications
Patterns of Calcification
Rim-like Calcification
Linear or Track-like Calcification
Lamellar or Laminar Calcification
Cloudlike, Amorphous, or Popcorn Calcification
Location of Calcification
SECTION V: Trauma
Chest Trauma
Rib Fractures
Pulmonary Contusions
Pulmonary Lacerations (Hematoma or Traumatic Pneumatocele)
Aortic Trauma
Abdominal Trauma
Pelvic Trauma
SECTION VI: Musculoskeletal
Abnormalities of Bone Density
Normal Bone Anatomy
The Effect of Bone Physiology on Bone Anatomy
Generalized Increase in Bone Density
Focal Increase in Bone Density
Generalized Decrease in Bone Density
Focal Decrease in Bone Density
Pathologic Fractures
Acute Fracture
Dislocations and Subluxations
How Fractures are Described-by the Number of Fracture Fragments
How Fractures are Described-by the Direction of the Fracture Line
How Fractures are Described-by the Relationship of One Fracture Fragment to Another
How Fractures are Described-by the Relationship of the Fracture to the Atmosphere
Avulsion Fractures
Stress Fractures
Common Fracture Eponyms
Some Easily Missed Fractures or Dislocations
Fracture Healing
Anatomy of a Joint
Classification of Arthritis
Hypertrophic Arthritis
Erosive Arthritis
Infectious Arthritis
SECTION VII: Neuro
The Normal Spine
Back Pain
Malignancy Involving the Spine
MRI in Metastatic Spine Disease
Spinal Trauma
Normal Brain Anatomy
MRI and the Brain
Head Trauma
Intracranial Hemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Stroke
Ruptured Aneurysms
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral Atrophy
Brain Tumors
Other Diseases
Neuroimaging Terminology
SECTION VIII: Pediatrics
Newborn Respiratory Distress
Childhood Lung Disease
Soft Tissues of the Neck
Ingested Foreign Bodies
Other Diseases
SECTION IX: Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
How US Works
Doppler Ultrasonography
Adverse Effects or Safety Issues
Medical Uses of Ultrasonography
How Magnetic Resonance Imaging Works
Hardware That Makes Up an MRI Scanner
What Happens Once Scanning Begins
How Can You Identify a T1-Weighted or T2-Weighted Image?
MRI Contrast Agents: General Considerations
MRI Safety Issues
Diagnostic Applications of MRI