1;Preface;5 2;Contents;7 3;List of Contributors;25 4;Concepts in Endoscopic Surgery;35 4.1;History of Endoscopic Surgery;36 4.2;Instrumentation and Equipment;50 4.3;Ergonomics of Endoscopic Surgery;74 4.4;Instrument Ergonomics;80 4.5;Suturing Techniques;84 4.6;Effects of Insufflation;92 4.7;Anesthesia Considerations;96 4.8;Preoperative Considerations;100 4.9;Closed- and Open- Access Techniques;104 4.10;Concepts in Video- Assisted Thoracic Surgery ( VATS);110 4.11;Robot- Assisted Pediatric Surgery;120 5;Video- Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery ( VATS);125 5.1;Lobectomy;126 5.2;Bronchogenic Cyst Resection;132 5.3;Resection of Pulmonary Sequestrations;138 5.4;Treatment of Pulmonary Blebs and Bullae;144 5.5;Thoracic Neuroblastoma Resection;150 5.6;Esophageal Atresia Repair;156 5.7;Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair;162 5.8;Thymectomy;170 5.9;Aortopexy;176 5.10;Closure of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus;182 5.11;Endoscopic Transthoracic Sympathectomy;188 5.12;Anterior Discectomy and Hemivertebrectomy;194 5.13;Pectus Excavatum Repair;202 6;Gastrointestinal Procedures;210 6.1;Diagnostic Laparoscopy;212 6.2;Thal Fundoplication;220 6.3;Nissen Fundoplication;226 6.4;Toupet Fundoplication;232 6.5;Cardiomyotomy for Esophageal Achalasia;242 6.6;Gastric Banding;248 6.7;Pyloromyotomy;254 6.8;Laparoscopic- Assisted Jejunostomy;262 6.9;Resection of Meckel's Diverticulum;268 6.10;Intussusception Treatment;274 6.11;Appendectomy;280 6.12;Single- Port Appendectomy;286 6.13;Extramucosal Colon Biopsy;292 6.14;Total Colectomy with Pelvic Pouch;298 6.15;Duhamel- Martin Procedure for Hirschsprung's Disease;306 6.16;Pull- Through for High Imperforate Anus;314 6.17;Rectopexy;322 6.18;Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Implantation;330 7;Hepatobiliary, Splenic and Pancreatic Procedures;336 7.1;Cholecystectomy;338 7.2;Liver Biopsy;344 7.3;Choledochal Cyst Resection;350 7.4;Portoenterostomy ( Kasai Procedure);356 7.5;Liver Resection;364 7.6;Management of Hydatid Cysts;370 7.7;Management of Pancreatic Pseudocysts;376 7.8;Pancreatectomy;382 7.9;Splenectomy and Related Procedures;388 7.10;Mesh Splenopexy for Wandering Spleen;396 8;Genitourinary Procedures;402 8.1;Inguinal Hernia Repair;404 8.2;Procedure Options in Undescended Testis;410 8.3;First Step Fowler- Stephens in Prune- Belly Syndrome;418 8.4;Management of Ovarian Cysts;424 8.5;Adrenalectomy;430 8.6;Nephroureterectomy;436 8.7;Transabdominal Pyeloplasty;442 8.8;Retroperitoneal Robot- Assisted Pyeloplasty;448 8.9;Transvesicoscopic Ureteric Reimplantation;454 8.10;STING Procedure for Vesicoureteral Reflux;460 8.11;Varicocele Ligation;468 9;Miscellaneous Topics;474 9.1;Electrosurgical Injuries;476 9.2;Complications in Endoscopic Surgery;482 9.3;Lasers in Endoscopic Surgery;488 9.4;Vessel- Sealing Technology;494 9.5;Harmonic Scalpel Technology;500 9.6;Instrument and Device Options;510 9.7;Suturing Aids in Endoscopic Surgery;518 9.8;Slip Knot Techniques;524 9.9;Developments in Robotic Systems;532 9.10;Concept of the Integrated Endoscopic Operation Room;536 9.11;Virtual Reality;542 10;Subject Index;548