1;European Instructional Lectures;4 2;Copyright page;5 3;Foreword;6 4;Preface;8 5;Contents;10 6;Contributors;12 7;Part 1: General Orthopaedics, Basic Science and Technology;16 7.1;Bone Substitutes in Clinical Work;17 7.1.1;Bone Substitutes;17 7.1.2;Clinical Use of Bone Substitutes;18 7.1.3;Conclusions/THM;21 7.1.4;References;21 7.2;Epidemiology and Variability of Orthopaedic Procedures Worldwide;22 7.2.1;Introduction;22 7.2.2;Materials and Methods;23 7.2.2.1;Data;23 7.2.2.2;Statistical Analysis;24 7.2.3;Results;24 7.2.4;Discussion;27 7.2.5;References;31 8;Part 2: Bone and Joint Tumours;33 8.1;Cartilage - Forming Bone Tumours;34 8.1.1;Introduction;34 8.1.2;Benign Cartilage Tumours;34 8.1.2.1;Osteochondroma;34 8.1.2.1.1;Clinical Presentation;35 8.1.2.1.2;Radiology;35 8.1.2.1.3;Differential Diagnosis;35 8.1.2.1.4;Histology (Macro- and Micro-);35 8.1.2.1.5;Genetics EXT1 and EXT2;36 8.1.2.1.6;Treatment;37 8.1.2.2;Enchondroma;37 8.1.2.3;Clinical Presentation;37 8.1.2.3.1;Radiology;37 8.1.2.3.2;Differential Diagnosis;38 8.1.2.3.3;Histology;38 8.1.2.3.4;Treatment;38 8.1.2.4;Multiple Enchondromatosis;38 8.1.2.5;Juxtacortical (Periosteal) Chondroma;39 8.1.2.5.1;Radiology;39 8.1.2.5.2;Differential Diagnosis;39 8.1.2.5.3;Histology;39 8.1.2.5.4;Treatment;39 8.1.2.6;Chondromyxoid Fibroma;39 8.1.2.6.1;Radiology;40 8.1.2.6.2;Differential Diagnosis;40 8.1.2.6.3;Histology;40 8.1.2.6.4;Treatment;41 8.1.2.7;Chondroblastoma;41 8.1.2.7.1;Radiology;42 8.1.2.7.2;Differential Diagnosis;42 8.1.2.7.3;Histology;42 8.1.2.7.4;Treatment;42 8.1.2.8;Synovial Chondromatosis;42 8.1.2.8.1;Radiology;42 8.1.2.8.2;Differential Diagnosis;42 8.1.2.8.3;Histology;42 8.1.2.8.4;Treatment;43 8.1.3;Malignant Cartilage Tumours;43 8.1.3.1;Malignant Chondrosarcoma;43 8.1.3.1.1;Clinical Presentation;44 8.1.3.1.2;Radiology;44 8.1.3.1.3;Histology;46 8.1.3.1.4;Genetics;47 8.1.3.2;Rare Chondrosarcoma Subtypes;47 8.1.3.3;Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma;47 8.1.3.4;Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma;47 8.1.3.5;Clear-cell Chondrosarcoma;47 8.1.3.5.1;Treatment;48 8.1.4;Local Recurrences;51 8.1.4.1;Prognosis;51 8.1.5;Adjuvant Treatment;53 8.1.6;References;54 9;Part 3: Paediatrics;56 9.1;The Current State of Treatment for Clubfoot in Europe;57 9.1.1;Introduction;57 9.1.1.1;Epidemiology;57 9.1.1.2;Aetiology;57 9.1.1.2.1;Aetiology of the Congenital Clubfoot;57 9.1.1.2.2;Aetiology of the Secondary Clubfoot;57 9.1.1.3;Pathophysiology of the Clubfoot;57 9.1.1.3.1;Bone;57 9.1.1.3.2;Muscles and Soft Tissues;58 9.1.2;Diagnosis;59 9.1.2.1;Presentation;59 9.1.2.2;Palpation;59 9.1.2.3;Clubfoot Scoring;59 9.1.2.3.1;Dimeglio Scoring System;59 9.1.2.3.2;Pirani Scoring System;61 9.1.3;Medical Imaging;62 9.1.3.1;Radiographs;62 9.1.3.2;Ultrasound;62 9.1.3.3;Computertomography (CT)/Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI);62 9.1.3.4;Pedobarography;62 9.1.4;Therapy;63 9.1.4.1;Conservative Therapy;63 9.1.4.2;Ponseti Technique for Therapy of Clubfoot;63 9.1.4.3;Manipulation and Cast Correction in Detail;63 9.1.4.4;Classical Method of Correction of Idiopathic Clubfoot;68 9.1.4.5;French Functional Physiotherapy Method;68 9.1.4.6;Botulinum Type A Toxin;68 9.1.4.7;Operative Therapy;68 9.1.4.8;Post-operative Care;69 9.1.4.9;Therapy of Relapsed, Persistent Clubfoot or Clubfoot in Older Patients;69 9.1.5;Conclusions;71 9.1.6;References;72 10;Part 4: Polytrauma: Pelvis;75 10.1;Management of Pelvic Fractures;76 10.1.1;Introduction;76 10.1.2;Pelvic Anatomy and Stability;76 10.1.3;Sources of Bleeding;77 10.1.4;Classification of Pelvic Ring Injuries;77 10.1.5;Initial Assessment;78 10.1.5.1;Haemodynamic Instability;80 10.1.5.2;Mechanical Instability;80 10.1.6;Open Pelvic Fractures;82 10.1.7;Complications;82 10.1.7.1;Genito-Urinary Injuries;82 10.1.7.2;Neurological Injuries;84 10.1.7.3;DVT-PE;84 10.1.8;Post-operative Treatment;84 10.1.9;References;84 11;Part 5: Shoulder, Elbow, Arm and Forearm;86 11.1;The Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis;87 11.1.1;Is There a Need for a Reverse Solution?;87 11.1.2;What Does It Mean - A "Reverse System"?;87 11.1.