This book provides evidence-based guidance for pediatric imaging to radiologists, pediatricians, and all subspecialists caring for children, as well as policy advocates. While the majority of pediatric radiology books concentrate on diagnosis, this book highlights how imaging should be used in optimal care, allowing comparisons between different modalities and addressing follow up, complications and the issue of timing of imaging.

The primary objective of this book is to provide a summary of appropriate imaging use in terms of modality and timing based on the best available evidence. The book therefore acts as a resource for optimized clinical care of children and effective decision-making. A secondary objective is to collate the evidence-based practices that constitute quality care for children in the setting of value-based imaging. Radiologists are often in the position of helping clinicians decide when and how to image children with suspected diseases or confirmed diagnoses. However, traditional residency training has done little to fulfill the need for this up-to-date evidence knowledge. Moreover, in spite of furthering subspecialization of the field, the great majority of children's imaging (and care) occur outside of children's hospitals, where clinicians and radiologist might need this type of general guidance for establishing best-practices.

The book is divided in two parts, non-diagnostic considerations such as evidence-based imaging, safety, value, and the practice of radiology in low resource settings and a second larger clinical component divided in prenatal, oncology, neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiothoracic, and abdominal imaging. This new edition incorporates changes in practice and guidelines in the decade since the first edition was written with many new chapters in emerging topics including prenatal, oncology and neurological imaging. This is an ideal guide for radiologists, pediatricians, policy advocates, and all healthcare professionals caring for children.

Part I: Imaging Children: Principles, Methodology, and Risks

Principles of Evidence-Based Imaging
Evidence Synthesis in Pediatric Radiology: Demonstrating Value
Imaging Associated Risks: Radiation, Sedation and Children Specific Safety Concerns
Quality Improvement in Pediatric Radiology
Pediatric imaging in Low-Resource Settings
Part II Prenatal Imaging
Fetal Anomalies
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Lung Lesions
Ventriculomegaly
Part III Neurological Imaging
Headache
Seizures
Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury
Neonatal brain hemorrhage
Brain Neoplasm
Head and Neck Infections
Imaging of Spinal Dysraphism
Part IV Musculoskeletal Imaging
Scoliosis
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Knee and Shoulder Sports Injuries
Complex fractures: Hip, Elbow and Ankle
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Hematogenous Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis
Part V Cardiothoracic Imaging
Asthma
Pediatric airway
Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital Disease of the Aortic Arch: Coarctation and Arch Anomalies
Chronic Lung Disease of prematurity
Chest Infections
Part VI Abdominal Imaging
Intussusception in Children: Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment
Imaging of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children
Imaging of Clinically Suspected Malrotation in Children
Imaging of Appendicitis in Pediatric Patients
Imaging of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS)
Imaging of Nephrolithiasis and Urinary Tract Calculi in Children
Urinary Tract Infection in Infants and Children
Imaging of Female Children and Adolescents with abdominopelvic pain Caused by Gynecological Pathologies
Imaging of Boys with an Acute Scrotum: Differentiation of Testicular Torsion From Other Cause
UTD
Part IV Pediatric Oncology and Multisystemic Disease
Pediatric Bone Tumors: Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma
Mediastinal Masses
Pediatric Abdominal Tumors: Neuroblastoma
Liver masses
Cancer pre-disposition syndromes
Sickle Cell Disease and Stroke
Cystic Fibrosis
Part VI Trauma and Emergency
Foreign Bodies
Traumatic Brain Injury in Children
Abusive Head Trauma
Non-CNS Abusive Trauma
Spine Trauma
Blunt Trauma to the Pediatric Torso
Part VII Interventional Radiology
Imaged-guided Management of Pleural Effusions
Imaged-guided Management of Abdominal Abscesses
Vascular Access in Children
Imaging guided biopsies
Management of Vascular Anomalies.