In this monograph the authors have emphasized a number of important concepts in mammalian kidney development. Emphasis has been put on methodology so that the reader can understand how certain results or conclusions were reached and what the optimal methods for reliable results to be obtained are. In addition, as well as descriptions of the morphology there is information on the genetic basis of the structural development. In addition much attention has been paid to how nephron number may be altered by changes in the environment of the developing kidney and to the consequences for the remaining nephron gene expression and kidney function when total nephron number is altered. The consequences for the health of the adult, upon the formation of an adult kidney with altered nephron number and (potentially) gene expression, can be quite serious. The epigenetic mechanisms by which such changes can occur are introduced as a very fertile field for future investigation.

1;List of Contents;62;Abstract;93;1 Introduction;104;2 Morphological Development of the Mammalian Kidney;104.1;2.1 Pronephros;124.2;2.2 Mesonephros;124.3;2.3 Metanephros;144.4;2.4 Renal Vascular Development;164.5;2.5 Development of the Renal Nerves;185;3 Genetic Regulation of Metanephric Development;185.1;3.1 Molecular Specification of the Metanephric Blastema;195.2;3.2 Molecular Regulation of Ureteric Budding and Branching Morphogenesis;195.3;3.3 Molecular Regulation of Nephrogenesis;215.4;3.4 Molecular Regulation of the Stroma;235.5;3.5 The Renin-Angiotensin System: An Important System Regulating Renal Development and Function;235.6;3.6 Summary of Molecular Regulation of Metanephric Development;246;4 Abnormalities of Renal Development in the Human;256.1;4.1 Hydronephrosis;256.2;4.2 Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract;256.3;4.3 Bilateral Renal Agenesis (Potter's Syndrome);266.4;4.4 Renal Abnormalities Caused by Maternal Drug Use;266.5;4.5 Polycystic Kidney Disease;267;5 Methodology to Examine Kidney Development;277.1;5.1 Organ Culture;277.2;5.2 Three-Dimensional and Four-Dimensional Imaging;297.3;5.3 Quantitation of Nephron Number;307.4;5.4 Microarrays;337.5;5.5 Use of Knock-in/Reporter Mice to Analyse Gene Function and Expression;348;6 Development of Function in the Fetus;368.1;6.1 Mesonephric Function;368.2;6.2 Fetal Metanephric Renal Function;368.3;6.3 Sodium Transporters;378.4;6.4 Water Channels;418.5;6.5 Renal Renin-Angiotensin System;419;7 Nephron Endowment;419.1;7.1 Nephron Endowment in the Human;419.2;7.2 Effect of Prematurity;449.3;7.3 Factors Important for Normal Kidney Development;459.4;7.3.2 Iron;459.5;7.4 Timing of Nephrogenesis and Nephron Endowment in Animal Models;4610;8 Developmental Programming of the Kidney;4810.1;8.1 Overview: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis;4810.2;8.2 Human Epidemiology;4910.3;8.3 Common Animal Models Used to Test the DOHaD Hypothesis;5010.4;8.4 Reduced Nephron Endowment: A Common Denominator in the DOHaD Hypothesis?;5210.5;8.5 Link Between Nephron Endowment and Hypertension;5510.6;8.6 Mechanisms Leading to a Reduced Nephron Endowment;5610.7;8.7 Programmed Changes in Renal Gene Expression;5710.8;8.7.2 Sodium Channels;5710.9;8.8 Why a Low Nephron Endowment Does Not Always Lead to Hypertension;5810.10;8.9 Unilateral Nephrectomy as a Model of Low Nephron Endowment;6210.11;8.10 Potential Underlying Mechanisms of Developmental Programming;6211;9 Future Directions;6311.1;9.1 Clock Genes;6411.2;9.2 Renal Stem Cells and Renal Regeneration;6511.3;9.3 New Renal Factors;6512;References;6713;Subject Index;88

ISBN	9783540777687
Artikelnummer	9783540777687
Medientyp	E-Book - PDF
Auflage	2. Aufl.
Copyrightjahr	2008
Verlag	Springer-Verlag
Umfang	79 Seiten
Sprache	Englisch
Kopierschutz	Digitales Wasserzeichen