Few fields of medicine have witnessed such impressive progress as the diagnosis and treatment of liver tumors. Advances in imaging technology, the development of novel contrast agents, and the introduction of optimized scanning protocols have greatly facilitated the non-invasive detection and characterization of focal liver lesions. Furthermore, image-guided techniques for percutaneous tumor ablation have become an accepted alternative treatment for patients with inoperable liver cancer. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of diagnostic and interventional radiology in respect of liver tumors. The volume moves from background sections on methodology and segmental liver anatomy to the main sections on the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions. An integrated approach, focused on the correlation of ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging findings, is presented. Finally, a full section describes the principles, methods, and results of percutaneous tumor ablation techniques.

Technique and Methodology in Liver Imaging

1 Ultrasound and Contrast Ultrasound

D.O. Cosgrove

A. Laghi, I. Sansoni, M. Celestre, P. Paolantonio, and R. Passariello

Liver Anatomy

4 Segmental Anatomy of the Liver

Benign Liver Lesions

6 Clinico-Pathological Classification

F. Piscaglia, A. D'Errico, S. Leoni, A. Venturi, and L. Bolondi

7 Cysts and Cystic-Like Lesions

C. Del Frate , R. Pozzi-Mucelli, G. Brancatellli, K. Mortelè, C. Zuiani,

and M. Bazzocchi

8 Liver Hemangioma

V. Vilgrain and G. Brancatelli

9 Focal Nodular Hyperplasia

A. Filippone, R. Basilico, F. Di Fabio, and L. Bonomo

10 Hepatocellular Adenoma

L. Grazioli, M.P. Bondioni, and G. Brancatelli

Primary Malignancies in Cirrhotic Liver

Primary Malignancies in Non-Cirrhotic Liver

G. Brancatelli, M.P., Federle, V. Vilgrain, L. Grazioli, M. Midiri, and R. Lagalla

S. Terraz and C.D. Becker

Hepatic Metastases

T. Albrecht

19 Imaging Features of Hepatic Metastases: CT and MR

C. Kulinna and W. Schima

20 Diagnostic and Staging Work-Up
T. Helmberger

Image-Guided Tumor Ablation

R. Lencioni, D. Cioni, J. Lera, E. Rocchi, C. Della Pina, and L. Crocetti

22 Imaging Guidance, Monitoring, and Follow-Up

23 Percutaneous Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

R. Lencioni, L. Crocetti, D. Cioni, E. Batini, C. Della Pina, and C. Bartolozzi

24 Percutaneous Ablation of Hepatic Metastases

J.A. Goode, T. Sabharwal., and A. Adam

T.J. Vogl, K. Eichler, T. Lehnert, R. Straub, and M. Mack

K.-H. Link, V. Apell, K. Tischbirek, M. Holtappels, K. Zayed, T.A. Sagban, M. Mörschel, T.F. Weigel, K.M. Josten, R. Thimm, and L. Staib

27 Tumor Ablation: Interventional Management of Complications

R.S. Arellano, D.A. Gervais, and P.R. Mueller

Subject Index

List of Contributor

1;Foreword;5 2;Preface;6 3;Contents;7 4;Technique and Methodology in Liver Imaging;10 4.1;1 Ultrasound and Contrast Ultrasound;11 4.2;2 Computed Tomography;25 4.3;3 Magnetic Resonance;41 5;Liver Anatomy;58 5.1;4 Segmental Anatomy of the Liver;59 5.2;5 Imaging Landmarks for Segmental Lesion Localization;68 6;Benign Liver Lesions;78 6.1;6 Clinico-Pathological Classification;79 6.2;7 Cysts and Cystic-Like Lesions;88 6.3;8 Liver Hemangioma;104 6.4;9 Focal Nodular Hyperplasia;121 6.5;10 Hepatocellular Adenoma;138 6.6;11 Pseudo-Lesions of the Liver;150 7;Primary Malignancies in Cirrhotic Liver;167 7.1;12 Clinico-Pathological Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma;168 7.2;13 Diagnosis and Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma;176 8;Primary Malignancies in Non- Cirrhotic Liver;200 8.1;14 Clinico-Pathological Classification;201 8.2;15 Hepatocellular and Fibrolamellar Carcinoma;206 8.3;16 Cholangiocellular Carcinoma;215 8.4;17 Other Primary Malignant Tumors;235 9;Hepatic Metastases;255 9.1;18 Sonography of Liver Metastases;256 9.2;19 Imaging Features of Hepatic Metastases: CT and MR;270 9.3;20 Diagnostic and Staging Work-Up;289 10;Image- Guided Tumor Ablation;299 10.1;21 Radiofrequency Ablation: Principles and Techniques;300 10.2;22 Imaging Guidance, Monitoring, and Follow-Up;309 10.3;23 Percutaneous Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma;321 10.4;24 Percutaneous Ablation of Hepatic Metastases;329 10.5;25 Laser-Induced Thermotherapy;341 10.6;26 Multimodality Treatment of Hepatic Metastases;354 10.7;27 Tumor Ablation: Interventional Management of Complications;378 11;Subject Index;384 12;List of Contributors;389