1;Contents;6 2;Acknowledgements;9 3;Biographies of authors;10 4;Preface;12 5;Introduction;15 6;Chapter 1 Early thinking andthe emergence of entrepreneurship;18 6.1;1.1 Introduction;18 6.2;1.2 Ancient era;19 6.3;1.3 Medieval era;21 6.4;1.4 Pre-industrial revolution;22 6.5;1.5 Classical economic bases;23 6.6;1.6 Neo-classical economic theory;26 6.7;1.7 Austrian Market Process (AMP);29 6.8;1.8 Multidisciplinary entrepreneurship contributions;32 6.9;1.9 Environment vs. the individual;34 6.10;1.10 Entrepreneurship as a distinctive domain;35 6.10.1;(1) Conceptual framing;37 6.10.2;(2) The opportunity construct;39 6.10.3;(3) Episodic knowledge;39 6.10.4;(4) Statistical methods;40 6.11;1.11 Contemporary entrepreneurial research;41 6.12;1.12 Conclusion;44 6.13;References and further readings;45 7;Chapter 2 Entrepreneurship as a discipline and field of study;50 7.1;2.1 Introduction;50 7.2;2.2 Entrepreneurship as an emerging enquiry;51 7.3;2.3 Criteria and rationale for entrepreneurship studies;52 7.4;2.4 Obstacles constraining the development of entrepreneurship;54 7.5;2.5 The study of entreprenology;56 7.6;2.6 Entrepreneurship embodied in differentparadigms;58 7.7;2.7 Entrepreneurship as an established discipline;60 7.7.1;(1) The field must be distinguishable;60 7.7.2;(2) Systematic theory and an established body of literature should exist;60 7.7.3;(3) Authority and professional associations are established;60 7.7.4;(4) Ethical codes and culture are prevalent;61 7.7.5;(5) Career prospects exist;61 7.8;2.8 Participation in entrepreneurship studies;61 7.9;2.9 Offerings and pedagogy in entrepreneurship;66 7.10;2.10 Entrepreneurship vs. generic management;71 7.11;2.11 Entrepreneurship as a field of study in an African context;73 7.12;2.12 Conclusion;76 7.13;References and further readings;77 8;Chapter 3 Economic perspectives of entrepreneurship;80 8.1;3.1 Introduction;80 8.2;3.2 Theories of entrepreneurship and economics;81 8.3;3.3 Entrepreneurship in economics;83 8.4;3.4 Entrepreneurship and development;87 8.4.1;(1) Easy to start and grow a business;91 8.4.2;(2) Rewards for productive entrepreneurial activity;91 8.4.3;(3) Disincentives for unproductive activity;92 8.4.4;(4) Keeping the winners on their toes;92 8.5;3.5 Government, economic policy, and entrepreneurship;94 8.6;3.6 Entrepreneurship in African development;96 8.7;3.7 Immigration as a case for the institutional impact on entrepreneurship;97 8.8;3.8 Conclusion;100 8.9;References and further readings;100 9;Chapter 4 Entrepreneurship in the field of development economics;102 9.1;4.1 Introduction;102 9.2;4.2 Entrepreneurship and the task of development economics;104 9.2.1;Behavioural definitions;105 9.2.2;Occupational definitions;106 9.2.3;Outcomes definition;106 9.2.4;Resonance with development economics;107 9.2.4.1;(1) The relevance of behavioural entrepreneurship;107 9.2.4.2;(2) The relevance of occupational entrepreneurship;108 9.2.4.3;(3) The relevance of entrepreneurial outcome definitions;110 9.3;4.3 Comparative profile of entrepreneurship acros sthe world;111 9.3.1;Entrepreneurship as self-employment;112 9.3.2;Entrepreneurship as new business formation;115 9.4;4.4 Theoretical considerations on economic development and entrepreneurship;117 9.4.1;Structural economic transformation, innovation-driven growth, and entrepreneurship;117 9.4.2;Undermining economic development;122 9.4.2.1;(1) Perverse allocation of entrepreneurial talent;123 9.4.2.2;(2) Low quality entrepreneurs;124 9.5;4.5 Conclusion;124 9.6;References and further readings;127 10;Chapter 5 Creating value and innovation through social entrepreneurship;132 10.1;5.1 Introduction;132 10.2;5.2 Social entrepreneurship as an emerging phenomenon;133 10.3;5.3 Social entrepreneurship vs. corporate social responsibility;134 10.4;5.4 Drivers of social entrepreneurship;135 10.5;5.5 Conceptualising social entrepreneurship;136 10.6;5.6 Collective social entrepreneurship and culture;139 10.7;5.7 Venture philanthropy;141 10.8;5.8 So