The advances in human genetics that have ocurred during the past 20 years have revolutionized our knowledge of the role played by inheritance in health and disase. It is clear that our DNA determines not only the emergence of catastrophic single-gene disorders, which affect millions of persons worldwide, but also interacts with environments to predispose individuals to cancer, allergy, hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, psychiatric disorders and even to some infectious diseases. Overall, the study of longevity and the demonstration of genes favouring a long lifespan suggest that such protective systems exist. In recent years, the study of genetic polymorphisms has made clear that some alleles have beneficial effects. These discoveries can substantially improve our understanding of the interactions between genetics and the environment, between pathogenetic mechanisms and new treatments.

Genetics of survival.-The human genes that limit AIDS.-Gene protecting against age-related degeneration.-Genes involved in resistance to carcinogenesis.-Leptin and neural circuit regulating body weight

The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) locus and protection against atherosclerosis.-Does the gene encoding apolipoprotein A-I Milano protect the heart?.-Candidate gene polymorphisms in cardiovascular pathophysiology.-Protective response of endothelial cells
Genetic factors in malaria resistance
Genetic basis of resistance to Alzheimer's Disease and related neurodegenerative diseases.-Genes affecting cognitive and emotional functions.-Gene therapy: promises, problems and prospects.-"Good gene" / "Bad gene"