1;Series Preface;7 2;Addendum to the Series Preface;10 3;Volume Preface to the First Edition;11 4;Volume Preface to the Second Edition;13 5;Contents;15 6;List of Contributors;17 7;Vegetative Processes and Growth;20 7.1;1 Morphogenesis: Control of Cell Types and Shape;21 7.1.1;I. Introduction Cell Types and Cell Shapes: a Diverse Array of Form;21 7.1.2;II. Polarity;21 7.1.3;III. Septation;35 7.1.4;IV. Conclusions;35 7.1.5;References;35 7.2;2 Organelle Inheritance in Yeasts and Other Fungi;39 7.2.1;I. Introduction;39 7.2.2;II. Cytoskeletal Organization and Function in Organelle Movement and Inheritance;40 7.2.3;III. Nuclear Migration in Fungi;42 7.2.4;IV. Organelle-Speci.c Inheritance in Fungi;43 7.2.5;V. Conclusions;50 7.2.6;References;50 7.3;3 Mitosis in Filamentous Fungi;55 7.3.1;I. Introduction;55 7.3.2;II. Fungal Mitosis;55 7.3.3;III. Regulation of Mitotic Entry;57 7.3.4;IV. Regulation of Mitotic Exit;59 7.3.5;V. Mitotic and Post-Mitotic Functions of Motor Proteins;61 7.3.6;VI. Coordination of Mitotic Events in a Multinucleate Hyphal Cell;62 7.3.7;VII. Coordination of Mitosis with Branch Formation;63 7.3.8;VIII. Regulation of Mitosis in Response to DNA Damage and Replication Stress;63 7.3.9;IX. Regulation of Mitosis in Response to Spindle Damage;65 7.3.10;X. Future Challenges;65 7.3.11;References;66 7.4;4 ApicalWallBiogenesis;70 7.4.1;I. Introduction;70 7.4.2;II. General Overview of Apical Growth;70 7.4.3;III. Chemical Composition of Fungal Walls;72 7.4.4;IV. Biosynthesis of Fungal Walls;73 7.4.5;V. Wall Modi.cations During Wall Expansion;77 7.4.6;VI. Apical Gradient in Wall Synthesis;79 7.4.7;VII. Passage of Proteins Through the Hyphal Wall;81 7.4.8;VIII. Conclusion;83 7.4.9;References;84 7.5;5 The Fungal Cell Wall;90 7.5.1;I. Introduction;90 7.5.2;II. Cell Wall: Composition and Organisation;91 7.5.3;III. Polysaccharide Biosynthesis;97 7.5.4;IV. Polysaccharide Remodelling;104 7.5.5;V. Cell Wall Biosynthesis, Environmental Stress and Signal Transduction Pathways;106 7.5.6;VI. Perspectives;111 7.5.7;References;112 7.6;6 Septation and Cytokinesis in Fungi;122 7.6.1;I. Introduction;122 7.6.2;II. Selecting Sites of Septation;123 7.6.3;III. Protein Complexes at Septal Sites;127 7.6.4;IV. Dynamic Contraction of the Acto- Myosin Ring and Chitin Synthesis Lead to Septum Formation;130 7.6.5;V. Coordination of the End of Mitosis with Cytokinesis;133 7.6.6;VI. Conclusions;133 7.6.7;References;134 7.7;7 Re-Wiring the Network: Understanding the Mechanism and Function of Anastomosis in Filamentous Ascomycete Fungi;139 7.7.1;I. Introduction;139 7.7.2;II. Germling Fusion;141 7.7.3;III. Hyphal Fusion;141 7.7.4;IV. Mechanistic Aspects of Anastomosis;142 7.7.5;V. Anastomosis Mutants in Filamentous Fungi of Unknown Function;149 7.7.6;VI. Physiological and Morphogenetic Consequences of Anastomosis;150 7.7.7;VII. Conclusion;151 7.7.8;References;151 7.8;8 Heterogenic Incompatibility in Fungi;156 7.8.1;I. Introduction;156 7.8.2;II. Barrage Formation;157 7.8.3;III. Heterogenic Incompatibility in;159 7.8.4;the Ascomycete;159 7.8.5;IV. Further Examples of Heterogenic Incompatibility;162 7.8.6;V. Correlations with Heterogenic Incompatibility in Plants and Animals, with DNA Restriction in Bacteria and with Histo- Incompatibility;172 7.8.7;VI. Conclusions;173 7.8.8;References;174 7.9;9 Programmed Cell Death in Fungi;181 7.9.1;I. Introduction;181 7.9.2;II. Do Fungi Have Apoptosis, the Type I Programmed Cell Death?;182 7.9.3;III. Heterokaryon Incompatibility;186 7.9.4;IV. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Apoptosis;186 7.9.5;V. Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress, and Regulation of Apoptosis;187 7.9.6;VI. Autophagy and the Type II Programmed Cell Death;192 7.9.7;VII. Meiotic Apoptosis;194 7.9.8;VIII. Conclusion;196 7.9.9;References;196 7.10;10 Senescence and Longevity;202 7.10.1;I. Introduction;202 7.10.2;II. Senescence Syndrome in;202 7.10.3;III. Concluding Remarks;209 7.10.4;References;210 8;Signals in Growth and Development;214 8.1;11 Autoregulatory Signals i