1;Foreword;6 2;Preface;7 3;Contents;8 4;1 Introduction: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathology, and Natural History of Head and Neck Neoplasms;10 4.1;1.1 Epidemiology and Risk Factors;10 4.1.1;1.1.1 Epidemiology: Incidence;10 4.1.2;1.1.2 Risk Factors for the Development of Head and Neck Malignancies;11 4.2;1.2 Pathology and Natural History of Frequent Benign and Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasms;13 4.2.1;1.2.1 Epithelial Neoplasms of the Mucous Membranes;13 4.2.2;1.2.2 Glandular Neoplasms;16 5;2 Clinical and Endoscopic Examination of the Head and Neck;25 5.1;2.1 Introduction;25 5.2;2.2 Neck;25 5.3;2.3 Nose and Paranasal Sinuses;28 5.4;2.4 Nasopharynx;29 5.5;2.5 Oral Cavity;30 5.6;2.6 Oropharynx;31 5.7;2.7 Larynx;32 5.8;2.8 Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophagus;34 5.9;2.9 Salivary Glands;35 5.10;2.10 Thyroid Gland;36 5.11;2.11 Role of Imaging Studies;36 6;3 Imaging Techniques;38 6.1;3.1 Introduction;38 6.2;3.2 Plain Radiography;38 6.3;3.3 Ultrasonography;38 6.4;3.4 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging;39 6.4.1;3.4.1 Computed Tomography;39 6.4.2;3.4.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging;45 6.5;3.5 Nuclear Imaging In: Maroldi R, Nicolai P (eds) Imaging in treatment;49 7;4 Laryngeal Neoplasms;50 7.1;4.1 Introduction;50 7.2;4.2 Normal Laryngeal Anatomy;50 7.2.1;4.2.1 Laryngeal Skeleton;50 7.2.2;4.2.2 Mucosal Layer and Deeper Laryngeal Spaces;52 7.2.3;4.2.3 Normal Radiological Anatomy;52 7.3;4.3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma;53 7.3.1;4.3.1 General Imaging Findings;55 7.3.2;4.3.2 Neoplastic Extension Patterns of Laryngeal Cancer;56 7.4;4.4 Prognostic Factors for Local Outcome of Laryngeal Cancer;64 7.4.1;4.4.1 Treatment Options;64 7.4.2;4.4.2 Impact of Imaging on Treatment Choice and Prognostic Accuracy;65 7.4.3;4.4.3 Use of Imaging Parameters as Prognostic Factors for Local Outcome Independently from the TN Classification;66 7.5;4.5 Post-treatment Imaging in Laryngeal Cancer;70 7.5.1;4.5.1 Expected Findings After Treatment;70 7.5.2;4.5.2 Persistent or Recurrent Cancer;75 7.5.3;4.5.3 Treatment Complications;78 7.6;4.6 Non-squamous Cell Laryngeal Neoplasms;80 7.6.1;4.6.1 Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasms;80 7.6.2;4.6.2 Mesenchymal Malignancies;81 7.6.3;4.6.3 Hematopoietic Malignancies ;82 8;5 Neoplasms of the Hypopharynx and Proximal Esophagus;88 8.1;5.1 Introduction;88 8.2;5.2 Anatomy;88 8.2.1;5.2.1 Descriptive Anatomy;88 8.2.2;5.2.2 Imaging Anatomy;89 8.3;5.3 Pathology;91 8.3.1;5.3.1 Non-squamous Cell Malignancies;91 8.3.2;5.3.2 Squamous Cell Malignancies;93 8.3.3;5.3.3 Secondary Involvement by Other Tumors;95 8.4;5.4 Cross-Sectional Imaging;97 8.5;5.5 Radiologist's Role;99 8.5.1;5.5.1 Pre-treatment;99 8.5.2;5.5.2 During Treatment;101 8.5.3;5.5.3 Post Treatment;101 8.5.4;5.5.4 Detection of Second Primary;106 9;6 Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity;110 9.1;6.1 Anatomy;110 9.1.1;6.1.1 The Floor of the Mouth;110 9.1.2;6.1.2 The Tongue;110 9.1.3;6.1.3 The Lips and Gingivobuccal Regions;111 9.1.4;6.1.4 The Hard Palate and the Region of the Retromolar Trigone;112 9.1.5;6.1.5 Lymphatic Drainage;114 9.2;6.2 Preferred Imaging Modalities;114 9.3;6.3 Pathology;114 9.3.1;6.3.1 Benign Lesions;114 9.3.2;6.3.2 Squamous Cell Cancer;121 9.3.3;6.3.3 Other Malignant Tumors;129 9.3.4;6.3.4 Recurrent Cancer;130 10;7 Neoplasms of the Oropharynx;135 10.1;7.1 Introduction;135 10.2;7.2 Normal Anatomy;135 10.3;7.3 Squamous Cell Carcinoma;138 10.3.1;7.3.1 Tonsillar Cancer;138 10.3.2;7.3.2 Tongue Base Cancer;139 10.3.3;7.3.3 Soft Palate Cancer;141 10.3.4;7.3.4 Posterior Oropharyngeal Wall Cancer;142 10.3.5;7.3.5 Lymphatic Spread;143 10.4;7.4 Treatment;143 10.5;7.5 Post-treatment Imaging;144 10.6;7.6 Other Neoplastic Disease;145 10.6.1;7.6.1 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma;145 10.6.2;7.6.2 Salivary Gland Tumors;146 10.6.3;7.6.3 Other;146 11;8 Neoplasms of the Nasopharynx;149 11.1;8.1 Introduction;149 11.2;8.2 Normal Anatomy;150 11.3;8.3 Pathologic Anatomy;151 11.3.1;8.3.1 Anterior Spread;151 11.3.2;8.3.2 Lateral Spread;151 11.3.3;8.3.3 Posterior Spread;155 11.3.4;8.3.4 Inferior Spread;1