1;Preface;6 2;Contents;10 3;History of Heart Valve Surgery;14 3.1;1 History of Heart Valve Surgery;15 3.2;References;18 4;Surgical Anatomy of the Heart Valves;22 4.1;2 Surgical Anatomyof the Heart Valves;23 4.1.1;2.1 Introduction;23 4.1.2;2.2 Aortic Valve;23 4.1.3;2.3 Mitral Valve;26 4.1.4;2.4 Tricuspid Valve;32 4.1.5;2.5 Pulmonary Valve;41 4.2;References;41 5;Overview of the Valve Replacement Devices;42 5.1;3 Overview of the Valve Replacement Devices;43 5.1.1;3.1 Introduction;43 5.1.2;3.2 Terminology of the ValveReplacement Devices Parameters;43 5.1.3;3.3 Mechanical Heart Valves;48 5.1.3.1;3.3.1 Caged-Ball Valves;48 5.1.3.2;3.3.2 Disc Valves;54 5.1.3.3;3.3.3 Bileafl et Valves;58 5.1.4;3.4 Biological Valves;65 5.1.4.1;3.4.1 Bioprostheses;65 5.1.4.2;3.4.2 Allografts;71 5.1.4.3;3.4.3 Autografts;75 5.1.5;References;78 6;Choice of the Optimal Valve for Replacement;82 6.1;4 Choice of the Optimal Valvefor Replacement;83 6.1.1;4.1 Introduction;83 6.1.2;4.2 General Advantages and Drawbacksof Mechanical Prostheses, Bioprostheses,Allografts, and Autografts;83 6.1.3;4.3 Factors that Aff ect the Choiceof the Valve Replacement Device;88 6.1.3.1;4.3.1 Age;89 6.1.3.2;4.3.2 Attitude to the Anticoagulation Th erapy;90 6.1.3.3;4.3.3 Size and Quality of the Annulus;90 6.1.3.4;4.3.4 Risk of Th romboembolism;92 6.1.3.5;4.3.5 Pregnancy;92 6.1.3.6;4.3.6 Other Factors;94 6.1.4;References;95 7;Aortic Valve Surgery;104 7.1;5 Aortic Valve Surgery;105 7.1.1;5.1 Introduction;105 7.1.2;5.2 Aortic Stenosis;106 7.1.2.1;5.2.1 Etiology of Aortic Stenosis;107 7.1.2.2;5.2.2 Indications for Surgery;117 7.1.2.3;5.2.3 Surgical Treatment of Aortic Stenosis;119 7.1.3;5.3 Aortic Regurgitation;174 7.1.3.1;5.3.1 Etiology of Aortic Regurgitation;175 7.1.3.2;5.3.2 Indications for Surgery;183 7.1.3.3;5.3.3 Valve-Sparing Proceduresin Aortic Regurgitation;187 7.1.4;References;206 8;Mitral Valve Surgery;214 8.1;6 Mitral Valve Surgery;215 8.1.1;6.1 Introduction;215 8.1.2;6.2 Surgical Approaches to the Mitral Valve;216 8.1.3;6.3 Mitral Stenosis;222 8.1.3.1;6.3.1 Indications for Surgery;226 8.1.3.2;6.3.2 Closed Mitral Commissurotomy;226 8.1.3.3;6.3.3 Open Mitral Commissurotomy;228 8.1.3.4;6.3.4 Mitral Valve Replacement;230 8.1.4;6.4 Mitral Regurgitation;248 8.1.4.1;6.4.1 Etiology of Mitral Regurgitation;248 8.1.4.2;6.4.2 Indications for Surgery;259 8.2;References;300 9;Tricuspid Valve Surgery;310 9.1;7 Tricuspid Valve Surgery;311 9.1.1;7.1 Introduction;311 9.1.2;7.2 Tricuspid Stenosis;311 9.1.3;7.3 Tricuspid Regurgitation;312 9.1.3.1;7.3.1 Etiology of Tricuspid Regurgitation;312 9.1.3.2;7.3.2 Indications for Surgery;316 9.1.3.3;7.3.3 Surgical Procedures on the Tricuspid Valve;317 9.2;References;354 10;Pulmonary Valve Surgery;358 10.1;8 Pulmonary Valve Surgery;359 10.2;References;362 11;Dysfunction of Implanted Heart Valves;364 11.1;9 Dysfunction of ImplantedHeart Valves;365 11.1.1;9.1 Introduction;365 11.1.2;9.2 Structural Dysfunctionof Implanted Heart Valves;366 11.1.3;9.3 Th rombosis of Implanted Heart Valves;372 11.1.4;9.4 Paraprosthetic Leak;384 11.1.5;9.5 Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis;387 11.2;References;394 12;Results of Heart Valve Surgery;398 12.1;10 Results of Heart Valve Surgery;399 12.2;References;401 13;Recommended Monographs and Guidelines on Heart Valve Surgery;403 13.1;Monographs on Heart Valve Surgery;404 13.2;Guidelines on Heart Valve Disease;405 14;Index;407