This book provides a thorough description of hexapod external fixators, from the theoretical basis to their practical application. Indications and practical use in current Orthopaedic practice are addressed in detail, offering the reader essential insights into the strengths and limitations of these devices. The main aspects covered, include primary (congenital) and secondary (acquired) deformities of the limbs: the etiology, pathomechanics, clinics, technical "tips and tricks" and suggested frame assemblies are presented.
Each chapter addresses a specific Orthopaedic problem and includes representative clinical cases commented on by the authors. Illustrations and X-ray images support the discussion of the various themes treated in the textbook.  Special attention is also given to deformity morphology and the consequent geometry of correction, as well as economical aspects and the biological risks of radiation exposure. A review of current nomenclature in external fixation is also provided as a quick-reference resource.
Offering clear and straightforward descriptions of these devices and their current use in practice, prepared by leading international experts, this book will benefit expert surgeons and residents alike.

1. History and evolution of hexapod external fixators

2 Principles of hexapod external fixators functions: software and hardware
3 Characteristics and usage modalities. Main systems
4 Hexapod external fixators in acute fracture treatment and their complications
5 Hexapod external fixators in the treatment of axial and rotation deformities and limb length discrepancies
6 Hexapod external fixators in bone defect treatment
7 Hexapod external fixators in pediatric deformities
8 Hexapod external fixators in articular stiffness treatment
9 Hexapod external fixators in foot deformity correction
10 Problems, challenge, complications in hexapod external fixation systems. Contraindications
11 Hexapod external fixators upgrade: motor powered frames , automation, deformity correction scheduling and remote control
12 Ancillary usage of hexapod external fixators: Fixator assisted nailing (FAN), fixator assisted locking plate (FALP), lenghtening over nail (LON), bone transport over a nail (BTON) and lenghtening  and then nailing (LATN).  External to internal fixation conversion timing
13 Ionizing radiation exposure
14 Economical aspects and practical considerations
15 Appendix: Deformity geometry
16 Nomenclature.