This volume builds on the success of the first edition of Imaging Pelvic Floor Disorders and is aimed at those practitioners with an interest in the imaging, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction. Concise textual information from acknowledged experts is complemented by high-quality diagrams and images to provide a thorough update of this rapidly evolving field. Introductory chapters fully elucidate the anatomical basis underlying disorders of the pelvic floor. State of the art imaging techniques and their application in pelvic floor dysfunction are then discussed in detail. Additions since the first edition include consideration of the effect of aging and new chapters on perineal ultrasound, functional MRI and MRI of the levator muscles. The closing sections of the book describe the modern clinical management of pelvic floor dysfunction, including prolapse, urinary and faecal incontinence and constipation, with specific emphasis on the integration of diagnostic and treatment algorithms.

1;Foreword;5 2;Preface;6 3;Table of contents ;7 4;1 The Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor and Sphincters;9 4.1;1.1 Introduction;9 4.2;1.2 Embryology;10 4.2.1;1.2.1 Cloaca and Partition of the Cloaca;10 4.2.2;1.2.2 Bladder;11 4.2.3;1.2.3 Urethra;11 4.2.4;1.2.4 Vagina;11 4.2.5;1.2.5 Anorectum;12 4.2.6;1.2.6 Pelvic Floor Muscles;12 4.2.7;1.2.7 Fascia and Ligaments;12 4.2.8;1.2.8 Perineum;12 4.2.9;1.2.9 Newborn;12 4.3;1.3 Anatomy;13 4.3.1;1.3.1 Pelvic Wall;13 4.3.1.1;1.3.1.1 Tendineus Arcs;15 4.3.2;1.3.2 Pelvic Floor;16 4.3.2.1;1.3.2.1 Supportive Connective Tissue (Endopelvic Fascia);16 4.3.2.1.1;1.3.2.1.1 Endopelvic Fascia;16 4.3.2.2;1.3.2.2 Pelvic Diaphragm;16 4.3.2.2.1;1.3.2.2.1 Coccygeus Muscle;16 4.3.2.2.2;1.3.2.2.2 Levator Ani Muscle;16 4.3.2.3;1.3.2.3 Perineal Membrane (Urogenital Diaphragm);17 4.3.2.4;1.3.2.4 Superfi cial Layer (External Genital Muscles);18 4.3.2.4.1;1.3.2.4.1 Transverse Perineal Muscles;19 4.3.3;1.3.3 Bladder;20 4.3.3.1;1.3.3.1 Detrusor;21 4.3.3.2;1.3.3.2 Adventitia;21 4.3.3.3;1.3.3.3 Bladder Support;21 4.3.3.4;1.3.3.4 Neurovascular Supply;21 4.3.4;1.3.4 Urethra and Urethral Support;22 4.3.4.1;1.3.4.1 Female Urethra;22 4.3.4.1.1;1.3.4.1.1 Urethral Mucosa;22 4.3.4.1.2;1.3.4.1.2 Smooth Muscle Urethral Coat;22 4.3.4.1.3;1.3.4.1.3 External Urethral Sphincter;23 4.3.4.2;1.3.4.2 Male Urethra;23 4.3.4.2.1;1.3.4.2.1 Lining of the Male Urethra;23 4.3.4.2.2;1.3.4.2.2 Preprostatic Urethra;23 4.3.4.2.3;1.3.4.2.3 Prostatic Urethra;24 4.3.4.2.4;1.3.4.2.4 Membranous Urethra and Spongiose Urethra;24 4.3.4.3;1.3.4.3 Urethral Support;24 4.3.5;1.3.5 Uterus and Vagina;26 4.3.5.1;1.3.5.1 Uterus and Vaginal Support;26 4.3.6;1.3.6 Perineum and Ischioanal Fossa;27 4.3.6.1;1.3.6.1 Perineal Body;27 4.3.6.2;1.3.6.2 Ischioanal Fossae;27 4.3.6.3;1.3.6.3 Perianal Connective Tissue;28 4.3.7;1.3.7 Rectum;28 4.3.7.1;1.3.7.1 Rectal Wall;29 4.3.7.2;1.3.7.2 Rectal Support;29 4.3.7.3;1.3.7.3 Neurovascular Supply of the Rectum;29 4.3.8;1.3.8 Anal Sphincter;29 4.3.8.1;1.3.8.1 Lining of the Anal Canal;30 4.3.8.2;1.3.8.2 Internal Anal Sphincter;31 4.3.8.3;1.3.8.3 Intersphincteric Space;31 4.3.8.4;1.3.8.4 Longitudinal Layer;31 4.3.8.5;1.3.8.5 External Anal Sphincter;31 4.3.8.6;1.3.8.6 Pubovisceral (Puborectal) Muscle;33 4.3.8.7;1.3.8.7 Anal Sphincter Support;33 4.3.8.8;1.3.8.8 Anal Sphincter Anatomy Variance and Ageing;33 4.3.8.9;1.3.8.9 Neurovascular Supply of the Anal Sphincter;34 4.3.9;1.3.9 Nerve Supply of the Pelvic Floor;35 4.3.9.1;1.3.9.1 Somatic Nerve Supply;35 4.3.9.2;1.3.9.2 Autonomic Nerve Supply;35 4.4;References;35 5;2 Functional Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor;38 5.1;2.1 Introduction;38 5.2;2.2 Support of the Pelvic Organs;38 5.2.1;2.2.1 Endopelvic Fascia;39 5.2.2;2.2.2 Uterovaginal Support;40 5.2.3;2.2.3 Apical Prolapse; Uterus or Vaginal Apex;41 5.2.4;2.2.4 Anterior Wall Support and Urethra;42 5.2.5;2.2.5 Posterior Support;44 5.2.6;2.2.6 Levator Ani Muscles;45 5.2.7;2.2.7 Pelvic Floor Muscles and Endopelvic Fascia Interactions;46 5.2.8;2.2.8 Perineal Membrane and External Genital Muscles;47 5.3;2.3 Functional Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract;47 5.3.1;2.3.1 Bladder;47 5.3.1.1;2.3.1.1 Vesical Neck;49 5.3.2;2.3.2 Urethra;49 5.3.2.1;2.3.2.1 Striated Urogenital Sphincter;49 5.3.2.2;2.3.2.2 Urethral Smooth Muscle;49 5.3.2.3;2.3.2.3 Submucosal Vasculature;49 5.3.2.4;2.3.2.4 Glands;49 5.4;References;49 6;3 Pelvic Floor Muscles-Innervation, Denervation and Ageing;51 6.1;3.1 Introduction;51 6.2;3.2 Innervation and Neural Control;51 6.2.1;3.2.1 Somatic Motor System;52 6.2.2;3.2.2 Sensory Control;53 6.2.3;3.2.3 Sensory-Motor Integration in PFM Control;54 6.2.4;3.2.4 Neural Control Manifesting as PFM Activity Patterns;55 6.3;3.3 Neural Control of Sacral Functions;57 6.3.1;3.3.1 Lower Urinary Tract Function and PFM;58 6.3.2;3.3.2 Anorectal Function and PFM;58 6.3.3;3.3.3 Sexual Behaviour and PFM;59 6.4;3.4 Ageing and PFM Changes;59 6.5;3.5 Vaginal Delivery and Neuromuscular Injury;61 6.6;3.6 Conclusion;62 6.7;References;63 7;4 Imaging Techniques;66 7.1

ISBN	9783540719687
Artikelnummer	9783540719687
Medientyp	E-Book - PDF
Auflage	2. Aufl.
Copyrightjahr	2010
Verlag	Springer-Verlag
Umfang	277 Seiten
Sprache	Englisch
Kopierschutz	Digitales Wasserzeichen